------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      name:  <unnamed>
       log:  C:\Users\ngb815\Dropbox\Coercive_tech\stata\coercive_imbalance\Replication\pr
> epare_data.log
  log type:  text
 opened on:  16 Aug 2023, 15:58:48

. 
. *###############################################################################
. *       1 IMPORT DATA AND CONSTRUCT MAIN VARIABLES
. *###############################################################################
. 
. use "coercive_imbalance_raw\mtech_raw_jop.dta"

. 
. local categories "s a r t m h"

. local stechs "1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9"

. local atechs "1 2 3 4 5"

. local rtechs "1 2 3 4 5 6"

. local ttechs "1 2 3 4 5"

. local mtechs "1 2"

. local htechs "1 2"

. 
. // GENERATE MILITARY TECHNOLOGY INDEX FROM DATA ON INDIVIDUAL TECHNOLOGIES
. gen mtech=0 if independent=="yes"
(34,629 missing values generated)

. foreach x of local categories {
  2. gen mtech_`x'=0 if independent=="yes"
  3. foreach y of local `x'techs {
  4. replace mtech=mtech+`x'`y'_use
  5. replace mtech_`x'=mtech_`x'+`x'`y'_use
  6. }
  7. }
(34,629 missing values generated)
(51,546 real changes made, 16,703 to missing)
(51,546 real changes made, 16,703 to missing)
(29,458 real changes made, 4,724 to missing)
(29,458 real changes made, 4,724 to missing)
(23,968 real changes made, 719 to missing)
(23,968 real changes made, 719 to missing)
(16,231 real changes made, 1,964 to missing)
(16,231 real changes made, 1,964 to missing)
(13,848 real changes made, 173 to missing)
(13,848 real changes made, 173 to missing)
(13,305 real changes made, 30 to missing)
(13,305 real changes made, 30 to missing)
(12,418 real changes made, 205 to missing)
(12,418 real changes made, 205 to missing)
(11,863 real changes made, 80 to missing)
(11,863 real changes made, 80 to missing)
(7,336 real changes made, 173 to missing)
(7,336 real changes made, 173 to missing)
(34,629 missing values generated)
(23,207 real changes made, 2,522 to missing)
(37,491 real changes made, 13,494 to missing)
(12,872 real changes made, 290 to missing)
(13,721 real changes made, 715 to missing)
(12,417 real changes made, 187 to missing)
(12,831 real changes made, 236 to missing)
(12,003 real changes made, 46 to missing)
(12,409 real changes made, 105 to missing)
(10,787 real changes made, 302 to missing)
(11,055 real changes made, 338 to missing)
(34,629 missing values generated)
(7,674 real changes made, 17 to missing)
(7,970 real changes made, 70 to missing)
(6,573 real changes made, 96 to missing)
(6,650 real changes made, 110 to missing)
(5,634 real changes made)
(5,673 real changes made)
(4,945 real changes made)
(4,959 real changes made)
(4,370 real changes made)
(4,380 real changes made)
(1,681 real changes made)
(1,681 real changes made)
(34,629 missing values generated)
(7,071 real changes made, 15 to missing)
(7,357 real changes made, 55 to missing)
(6,115 real changes made, 5 to missing)
(6,219 real changes made, 8 to missing)
(4,365 real changes made)
(4,373 real changes made)
(2,448 real changes made)
(2,449 real changes made)
(631 real changes made)
(631 real changes made)
(34,629 missing values generated)
(11,632 real changes made, 180 to missing)
(13,859 real changes made, 1,410 to missing)
(10,751 real changes made, 92 to missing)
(11,466 real changes made, 162 to missing)
(34,629 missing values generated)
(1,661 real changes made)
(1,661 real changes made)
(197 real changes made)
(197 real changes made)

. 
. *Generate military technology index excluding small arms
. gen mtech_exf=mtech_a+mtech_r+mtech_t+mtech_m+mtech_h
(49,942 missing values generated)

. drop mtech_s mtech_a mtech_r mtech_t mtech_m mtech_h

. 
. //GENERATE LATENT INDEX 
. irt 1pl a*_use r*_use t*_use m*_use h*_use if year>=1845 & independent=="yes", iterate(1
> 0)

Fitting fixed-effects model:

Iteration 0:   log likelihood = -173297.37  
Iteration 1:   log likelihood = -171545.03  
Iteration 2:   log likelihood = -171408.46  
Iteration 3:   log likelihood = -171404.49  
Iteration 4:   log likelihood = -171404.47  

Fitting full model:

Iteration 0:   log likelihood = -147286.27  
Iteration 1:   log likelihood = -66663.612  
Iteration 2:   log likelihood = -63649.842  (not concave)
Iteration 3:   log likelihood = -63614.595  (not concave)
Iteration 4:   log likelihood = -63608.659  (not concave)
Iteration 5:   log likelihood = -63553.712  (not concave)
Iteration 6:   log likelihood = -63587.113  (not concave)
Iteration 7:   log likelihood = -63571.239  (not concave)
Iteration 8:   log likelihood = -63580.595  (not concave)
Iteration 9:   log likelihood = -63539.326  (not concave)
Iteration 10:  log likelihood = -63586.626  (not concave)
convergence not achieved

One-parameter logistic model                            Number of obs = 17,731
Log likelihood = -63586.626
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             | Coefficient  Std. err.      z    P>|z|     [95% conf. interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     Discrim |   9.526499   .4482913    21.25   0.000     8.647864    10.40513
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
a1_use       |
        Diff |  -1.218736   .0573504   -21.25   0.000     -1.33114   -1.106331
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
a2_use       |
        Diff |  -.8026324   .0345599   -23.22   0.000    -.8703685   -.7348964
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
a3_use       |
        Diff |  -.6697849    .030057   -22.28   0.000    -.7286956   -.6108742
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
a4_use       |
        Diff |  -.5458088   .0269476   -20.25   0.000    -.5986251   -.4929925
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
a5_use       |
        Diff |  -.2035592   .0188046   -10.82   0.000    -.2404155   -.1667028
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
r1_use       |
        Diff |   .2944062   .0096043    30.65   0.000     .2755822    .3132303
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
r2_use       |
        Diff |   .4812597   .0080518    59.77   0.000     .4654784     .497041
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
r3_use       |
        Diff |   .6135229   .0092504    66.32   0.000     .5953925    .6316533
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
r4_use       |
        Diff |   .7188213   .0115718    62.12   0.000     .6961411    .7415016
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
r5_use       |
        Diff |   .8061154   .0139558    57.76   0.000     .7787624    .8334683
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
r6_use       |
        Diff |   1.269783   .0294487    43.12   0.000     1.212065    1.327502
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
t1_use       |
        Diff |   .3800731   .0085607    44.40   0.000     .3632944    .3968517
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
t2_use       |
        Diff |   .5352241   .0082416    64.94   0.000     .5190709    .5513773
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
t3_use       |
        Diff |   .8052997   .0139324    57.80   0.000     .7779928    .8326067
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
t4_use       |
        Diff |   1.120281   .0239663    46.74   0.000     1.073308    1.167254
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
t5_use       |
        Diff |   1.582011   .0423538    37.35   0.000     1.498999    1.665023
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
m1_use       |
        Diff |  -.6011073   .0283968   -21.17   0.000     -.656764   -.5454506
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
m2_use       |
        Diff |  -.3045977   .0212137   -14.36   0.000    -.3461758   -.2630196
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
h1_use       |
        Diff |   1.276134   .0296947    42.98   0.000     1.217933    1.334335
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
h2_use       |
        Diff |   1.961095   .0731881    26.80   0.000     1.817649    2.104541
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. predict index_irt_exsa if year>=1845, latent ebmeans 
(using 7 quadrature points)
(77665 missing values generated)

. 
. irt 1pl s*_use  if year>=1845 & independent=="yes" , iterate(10) intmethod(mcaghermite)

Fitting fixed-effects model:

Iteration 0:   log likelihood = -53356.537  
Iteration 1:   log likelihood =  -50804.83  
Iteration 2:   log likelihood = -50696.543  
Iteration 3:   log likelihood = -50695.694  
Iteration 4:   log likelihood = -50695.694  

Fitting full model:

Iteration 0:   log likelihood = -48559.002  (not concave)
Iteration 1:   log likelihood = -36039.746  
Iteration 2:   log likelihood = -28872.918  
Iteration 3:   log likelihood = -26034.016  (not concave)
Iteration 4:   log likelihood = -26359.434  (not concave)
Iteration 5:   log likelihood = -26007.748  (not concave)
Iteration 6:   log likelihood = -26107.394  (not concave)
Iteration 7:   log likelihood = -26173.108  (not concave)
Iteration 8:   log likelihood = -25993.355  (not concave)
Iteration 9:   log likelihood = -26112.481  (not concave)
Iteration 10:  log likelihood =  -26024.84  (not concave)
convergence not achieved

One-parameter logistic model                            Number of obs = 17,731
Log likelihood = -26024.84
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             | Coefficient  Std. err.      z    P>|z|     [95% conf. interval]
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
     Discrim |   8.181874   .1171232    69.86   0.000     7.952317    8.411431
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
s1_use       |
        Diff |  -2.390419   .0271742   -87.97   0.000     -2.44368   -2.337159
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
s2_use       |
        Diff |  -2.147229   .0235688   -91.10   0.000    -2.193423   -2.101035
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
s3_use       |
        Diff |  -2.134771   .0232271   -91.91   0.000    -2.180295   -2.089246
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
s4_use       |
        Diff |  -1.484632   .0180053   -82.46   0.000    -1.519921   -1.449342
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
s5_use       |
        Diff |  -1.152925   .0139473   -82.66   0.000    -1.180262   -1.125589
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
s6_use       |
        Diff |  -.9194352    .011854   -77.56   0.000    -.9426687   -.8962017
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
s7_use       |
        Diff |  -.6123355   .0101483   -60.34   0.000    -.6322259   -.5924452
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
s8_use       |
        Diff |  -.5201228   .0102209   -50.89   0.000    -.5401553   -.5000902
-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------
s9_use       |
        Diff |   .1800181    .002577    69.86   0.000     .1749674    .1850689
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

. predict index_irt_sa if year>=1845 , latent ebmeans 
(using 7 quadrature points)
(77665 missing values generated)

. 
. //MERGE REGIONS AND COUNTRY CODE CROSSWALK
. merge m:1 iso3 using "coercive_imbalance_raw/country_codes.dta", keepusing(continent* re
> gion* COW_ccode)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                            81
        from master                        15  (_merge==1)
        from using                         66  (_merge==2)

    Matched                           106,549  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge!=3
(81 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. rename COW_ccode ccode

. drop if iso3=="KOS"
(611 observations deleted)

. 
. // ADD WORLD BANK CLASSIFICATION OF REGIONS
. gen region3=region2

. replace region3="Eastern Europe and Central Asia" if country=="Kazakhstan"
variable region3 was str29 now str31
(611 real changes made)

. replace region3="Eastern Europe and Central Asia" if country=="Kyrgyzstan"
(611 real changes made)

. replace region3="Eastern Europe and Central Asia" if country=="Tajikistan"
(611 real changes made)

. replace region3="Eastern Europe and Central Asia" if country=="Turkmenistan"
(611 real changes made)

. replace region3="Eastern Europe and Central Asia" if country=="Uzbekistan"
(611 real changes made)

. replace region3="Eastern Europe and Central Asia" if country=="Armenia"
(611 real changes made)

. replace region3="Eastern Europe and Central Asia" if country=="Azerbaijan"
(611 real changes made)

. replace region3="Eastern Europe and Central Asia" if country=="Georgia"
(611 real changes made)

. replace region3="Eastern Europe and Central Asia" if country=="Russian Federation"
(611 real changes made)

. replace region3="East Asia and the Pacific" if region3=="Asia and Oceania"
(17,108 real changes made)

. replace region3="Eastern Europe and Central Asia" if region3=="Eastern Europe and Balkan
> "
(11,609 real changes made)

. 
. 
. //MERGE GDP FROM MADDISON
. rename iso3 countrycode

. merge 1:1 countrycode year using "coercive_imbalance_raw/maddison_gdp.dta", keepusing(cg
> dppc)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                        90,425
        from master                    88,245  (_merge==1)
        from using                      2,180  (_merge==2)

    Matched                            17,693  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. gen temp=ln(cgdppc)
(90,677 missing values generated)

. ipolate temp year, gen(lngdpc) by(countrycode)
(79332 missing values generated)

. drop if _merge==2
(2,180 observations deleted)

. drop _merge temp cgdppc

. rename countrycode iso3

. 
. 
. // FIX CCODE TO EASE MERGE
. replace ccode = 529 if country=="Ethiopia" & year>=1993
(18 real changes made)

. replace ccode = 818 if country=="Viet nam" & year>=1976
(35 real changes made)

. replace ccode = 315 if country=="Czech Republic" & year<1993
(593 real changes made)

. replace ccode = 342 if country=="Serbia" & year<=1920
(521 real changes made)

. replace ccode = 345 if country=="Serbia" & year>1920 & year<1991
(0 real changes made)

. replace ccode = 347 if country=="Serbia" & year>=1991 & year<2006
(15 real changes made)

. replace ccode = 342 if country=="Serbia" & year>=2006
(5 real changes made)

. replace ccode = 730 if country=="Korea, Republic of" & year<=1910
(511 real changes made)

. replace ccode = 769 if country=="Pakistan" & year<=1971
(572 real changes made)

. 
. //MERGE DEMOCRACY DATA (BOIX ET AL. AND V-DEM)
. 
. //Boix et al
. merge 1:1 ccode year using "coercive_imbalance_raw/BoixMillerRosato-v4.dta", keepusing(d
> emocracy democracy_trans) 
(variable ccode was int, now double to accommodate using data's values)
(variable year was float, now double to accommodate using data's values)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                        93,451
        from master                    89,807  (_merge==1)
        from using                      3,644  (_merge==2)

    Matched                            16,131  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. sort ccode year

. replace country=country[_n-1] if ccode==ccode[_n-1] & country==""
(1,712 real changes made)

. replace iso3=iso3[_n-1] if ccode==ccode[_n-1] & iso3==""
(1,712 real changes made)

. replace continent=continent[_n-1] if ccode==ccode[_n-1] & continent==""
(1,712 real changes made)

. replace continent2=continent2[_n-1] if ccode==ccode[_n-1] & continent2==""
(1,712 real changes made)

. drop if country==""  | iso3==""
(1,932 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. replace democracy=0 if country=="Russian Federation" & democracy==. //codes USSR as auto
> cracy (neccessary because ccode is different in using data)
(470 real changes made)

. drop if country=="Serbia" & year<2010 & s1_use==. //Solves issue with having both Serbia
>  and Serbia and Montenegro in data
(466 observations deleted)

. 
. //Vdem
. gen country_text_id=iso3

. merge 1:1 country_text_id year using "coercive_imbalance_raw/Vdem12_extract.dta", keepus
> ing(country_text_id country_id v2x_polyarchy v2x_pubcorr v2x_corr v2x_execorr v2clrspct 
> v2csreprss v2clkill e_total_oil_income_pc e_total_resources_income_pc)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                        85,432
        from master                    82,618  (_merge==1)
        from using                      2,814  (_merge==2)

    Matched                            24,566  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. sort country_text_id year

. replace ccode=ccode[_n-1] if country_text_id==country_text_id[_n-1] & ccode==.
(263 real changes made)

. replace iso3=iso3[_n-1] if country_text_id==country_text_id[_n-1] & iso3==""
(263 real changes made)

. replace country=country[_n-1] if country_text_id==country_text_id[_n-1] & country==""
(263 real changes made)

. drop if country=="" | iso3==""
(2,551 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. // MERGE CORRELATES OF WAR (COW) DATA
. 
. //Merge COW material capabilites
. merge m:1 ccode year using "coercive_imbalance_raw/COW_NMC-60-abridged.dta", keepusing(m
> ilex milper tpop)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                        94,798
        from master                    93,147  (_merge==1)
        from using                      1,651  (_merge==2)

    Matched                            14,300  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge==2
(1,651 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. replace milex=. if milex<0
(1,856 real changes made, 1,856 to missing)

. replace milper=. if milper<0
(365 real changes made, 365 to missing)

. 
. xtset ccode year

Panel variable: ccode (unbalanced)
 Time variable: year, 1400 to 2021, but with gaps
         Delta: 1 unit

. ipolate milex year, by(ccode) gen(milex_i)
(93747 missing values generated)

. ipolate milper year, by(ccode) gen(milper_i)
(92814 missing values generated)

. replace milex=milex_i
variable milex was long now double
(1,256 real changes made)

. replace milper=milper_i
variable milper was int now float
(698 real changes made)

. drop milex_i milper_i

. 
. //Merge COW interstate wars
. preserve

. clear

. use "coercive_imbalance_raw/COW_interstate_wars.dta"

. expand 195
(65,378 observations created)

. sort warnum ccode

. egen year=seq(), by(warnum ccode side)

. replace year=year+1815
(65,715 real changes made)

. 
. gen interstatewar=1 if year>=startyear1 & year<=endyear1
(64,955 missing values generated)

. replace interstatewar=1 if year>=startyear2 & year<=endyear2 & endyear2!=.
(10 real changes made)

. 
. collapse (max) interstatewar, by(ccode year) 

. 
. save "coercive_imbalance_final/temp.dta", replace
(file coercive_imbalance_final/temp.dta not found)
file coercive_imbalance_final/temp.dta saved

. restore

. 
. merge 1:1 ccode year using "coercive_imbalance_final/temp.dta"

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                        95,081
        from master                    91,709  (_merge==1)
        from using                      3,372  (_merge==2)

    Matched                            15,738  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge==2
(3,372 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. replace interstatewar=0 if interstatewar==. & tpop!=. //code 0 if no war, missing if not
>  in CoW data
(13,650 real changes made)

. 
. 
. //Merge COW intrastate conflicts
. preserve

. clear

. use "coercive_imbalance_raw/COW_intrastatewar_v51.dta"

. expand 195
(81,480 observations created)

. rename CcodeA ccode

. sort WarNum ccode

. egen year=seq(), by(WarNum ccode)

. replace year=year+1815
(81,900 real changes made)

.  
. gen civilwar=1 if year>=StartYr1 & year<=EndYr1
(80,780 missing values generated)

. replace civilwar=1 if year>=StartYr2 & year<=EndYr2 & EndYr2!=.
(70 real changes made)

. replace civilwar=1 if year>=StartYr3 & year<=EndYr3 & EndYr3!=.
(7 real changes made)

. replace civilwar=1 if year>=StartYr4 & year<=EndYr4 & EndYr4!=.
(0 real changes made)

. 
. gen civilwar_central=civilwar if WarType==4
(81,250 missing values generated)

. 
. collapse (max) civilwar*, by(ccode year) 

. 
. save "coercive_imbalance_final\temp.dta", replace
file coercive_imbalance_final\temp.dta saved

. restore

. 
. merge 1:1 ccode year using "coercive_imbalance_final/temp.dta"

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                        92,255
        from master                    90,491  (_merge==1)
        from using                      1,764  (_merge==2)

    Matched                            16,956  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge==2
(1,764 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. replace civilwar=0 if civilwar==.
(106,487 real changes made)

. replace civilwar_central=0 if civilwar_central==. & tpop!=. //code 0 if no war, missing 
> if not in CoW data
(13,689 real changes made)

. 
. 
. //Merge COW international trade
. merge m:1 ccode year using "coercive_imbalance_raw/COW_trade_4.dta", keepusing(imports e
> xports)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                        95,621
        from master                    94,329  (_merge==1)
        from using                      1,292  (_merge==2)

    Matched                            13,118  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge==2
(1,292 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. replace imports=. if imports==-9
(0 real changes made)

. replace exports=. if exports==-9
(0 real changes made)

. gen temp=ln(imports+exports) if imports!=. & exports!=.
(95,307 missing values generated)

. ipolate temp year, gen(lntrade) by(ccode)
(94591 missing values generated)

. drop temp

. gen trade=exp(lntrade)
(94,591 missing values generated)

. 
. 
. //Merge COW Alliances
. preserve

. clear

. use "coercive_imbalance_raw/COW_alliances.dta"

. gen ally_USA=1 if state_name1=="United States of America" 
(70,278 missing values generated)

. gen ally_Russia=1 if state_name1=="Russia"
(72,960 missing values generated)

. 
. collapse (mean) ally_*, by(ccode2 year)

. rename ccode2 ccode

. save "coercive_imbalance_final/temp.dta", replace
file coercive_imbalance_final/temp.dta saved

. restore

. 
. merge 1:1 ccode year using "coercive_imbalance_final/temp.dta"

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       100,943
        from master                   100,014  (_merge==1)
        from using                        929  (_merge==2)

    Matched                             7,433  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge==2
(929 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. replace ally_USA=0 if ally_USA==.
(104,266 real changes made)

. replace ally_Russia=0 if ally_Russia==.
(106,679 real changes made)

. replace ally_USA=1 if country=="United States"
(622 real changes made)

. replace ally_Russia=1 if country=="Russian Federation"
(622 real changes made)

. 
. //MERGE FOREIGN AID DATA
. gen countrycode=iso3

. merge 1:1 countrycode year using "coercive_imbalance_raw/aid_dac_countries.dta"

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       100,335
        from master                    97,815  (_merge==1)
        from using                      2,520  (_merge==2)

    Matched                             9,632  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. gen lnaid=ln(aid)
(102,150 missing values generated)

. replace lnaid=0 if lnaid==.
(102,150 real changes made)

. drop if _merge==2
(2,520 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. //MERGE COLONIAL RELATIONSHIPS FROM CEPII
. preserve

. clear

. use "coercive_imbalance_raw/dist_cepii.dta"

. rename iso_o iso3

. gen colony_we=colony if iso_d=="FRA" | iso_d=="DEU" | iso_d=="GBR"  | iso_d=="PRT"  | is
> o_d=="NLD"  | iso_d=="ITA" 
(49,274 missing values generated)

. replace colony_we=0 if colony_we==.
(49,274 real changes made)

. gen colony_ger=colony if iso_d=="DEU" 
(50,399 missing values generated)

. replace colony_ger=0 if colony_ger==.
(50,399 real changes made)

. gen colony_fra=colony if iso_d=="FRA" 
(50,399 missing values generated)

. replace colony_fra=0 if colony_fra==.
(50,399 real changes made)

. gen colony_uk=colony if iso_d=="GBR" 
(50,399 missing values generated)

. replace colony_uk=0 if colony_uk==.
(50,399 real changes made)

. gen colony_ussr=colony if iso_d=="RUS"
(50,399 missing values generated)

. replace colony_ussr=0 if colony_ussr==.
(50,399 real changes made)

. keep iso3 colony colony_we colony_ger colony_fra colony_uk colony_ussr

. collapse (max) colony*, by(iso3)

. replace iso3="ROU" if iso3=="ROM"
(1 real change made)

. replace iso3="SRB" if iso3=="YUG"
(1 real change made)

. save "coercive_imbalance_final\temp.dta", replace
file coercive_imbalance_final\temp.dta saved

. restore

. 
. merge m:1 iso3 using "coercive_imbalance_final/temp.dta"

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                         1,297
        from master                     1,244  (_merge==1)
        from using                         53  (_merge==2)

    Matched                           106,203  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge==2
(53 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. replace colony=0 if colony==.
(1,244 real changes made)

. replace colony_we=0 if colony_we==.
(1,244 real changes made)

. replace colony_ger=0 if colony_ger==.
(1,244 real changes made)

. replace colony_fra=0 if colony_fra==.
(1,244 real changes made)

. replace colony_uk=0 if colony_uk==.
(1,244 real changes made)

. replace colony_ussr=0 if colony_ussr==.
(1,244 real changes made)

. gen colony_rest=0  

. replace colony_rest=1 if colony_we==1 & colony_fra!=1 & colony_uk!=1 & colony_ger!=1  
(5,598 real changes made)

. 
. 
. gen temp1=1 if democracy!=. & year==1946 //code independence in 1946, colony variables o
> nly consider postwar period
(107,377 missing values generated)

. egen temp2=max(temp1), by(iso3)
(64,298 missing values generated)

. replace colony=0 if temp2==1 | country=="Germany" | country=="Israel" | country=="Taiwan
> , Province of China"
(38,173 real changes made)

. replace colony_we=0 if temp2==1 | country=="Germany" | country=="Israel" | country=="Tai
> wan, Province of China"
(10,574 real changes made)

. replace colony_ger=0 if temp2==1 | country=="Germany" | country=="Israel" | country=="Ta
> iwan, Province of China"
(622 real changes made)

. replace colony_fra=0 if temp2==1 | country=="Germany" | country=="Israel" | country=="Ta
> iwan, Province of China"
(3,732 real changes made)

. replace colony_uk=0 if temp2==1 | country=="Germany" | country=="Israel" | country=="Tai
> wan, Province of China"
(5,598 real changes made)

. replace colony_ussr=0 if temp2==1
(622 real changes made)

. drop temp*

. 
. 
. //MERGE HYDE POPULATION DATA
. merge 1:1 iso3 year using "coercive_imbalance_raw/hyde_pop.dta", keepusing(pop_hyde)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       103,770
        from master                    98,686  (_merge==1)
        from using                      5,084  (_merge==2)

    Matched                             8,761  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. 
. replace pop_hyde=tpop*1000 if country=="Maldives" //only country with missing data in hy
> de
(52 real changes made)

. replace pop_hyde=42380 if country=="Maldives" & year==1820 //data from clio infra
(1 real change made)

. replace pop_hyde=72000 if country=="Maldives" & year==1910
(1 real change made)

. 
. replace pop_hyde=ln(pop_hyde)
(13,899 real changes made, 155 to missing)

. ipolate pop_hyde year, by(iso3) gen(temp)
(1760 missing values generated)

. replace pop_hyde=exp(temp)
(110,771 real changes made)

. 
. drop if _merge==2
(5,084 observations deleted)

. drop _merge temp

. 
. merge 1:1 iso3 year using "coercive_imbalance_raw/hyde_upop.dta", keepusing(upop_hyde)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       103,807
        from master                    98,737  (_merge==1)
        from using                      5,070  (_merge==2)

    Matched                             8,710  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge==2
(5,070 observations deleted)

. drop _merge 

. 
. gen ups=upop_hyde/pop_hyde
(98,742 missing values generated)

. 
. //MERGE AES
. rename iso3 iso

. merge 1:1 iso year using "coercive_imbalance_raw/aes.dta", keepusing(aes)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                        26,468
        from master                     1,901  (_merge==1)
        from using                     24,567  (_merge==2)

    Matched                           105,546  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge==2
(24,567 observations deleted)

. drop _merge 

. rename iso iso3

. 
. gen naes=1-aes
(81,783 missing values generated)

. 
. 
. //MERGE EDUCATION
. gen country_temp=country

. replace country="Bolivia" if country=="Bolivia, Plurinational State of"
(622 real changes made)

. replace country="Congo, D.R." if country=="Congo, the Democratic Republic of the"
(622 real changes made)

. replace country="Cote dIvoire" if country=="Cote D'Ivoire"
(622 real changes made)

. replace country="Dominican Rep." if country=="Dominican Republic"
(622 real changes made)

. replace country="Iran" if country=="Iran, Islamic Republic of"
(622 real changes made)

. replace country="Republic of Korea" if country=="Korea, Republic of"
(622 real changes made)

. replace country="Syria" if country=="Syrian Arab Republic"
(622 real changes made)

. replace country="Taiwan" if country=="Taiwan, Province of China"
(622 real changes made)

. replace country="USA" if country=="United States"
(622 real changes made)

. replace country="Venezuela" if country=="Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of"
(622 real changes made)

. 
. merge 1:1 country year using  "coercive_imbalance_raw/lee_lee_education.dta"

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       104,344
        from master                   104,286  (_merge==1)
        from using                         58  (_merge==2)

    Matched                             3,161  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge==2
(58 observations deleted)

. drop _merge country

. rename country_temp country

. 
. replace schooling=ln(schooling)
(3,161 real changes made, 4 to missing)

. ipolate schooling year, by(iso3) gen(temp)
(92098 missing values generated)

. replace schooling=exp(temp)
(15,349 real changes made)

. drop temp

. 
. //MERGE INFORMATION CAPACITY VARIABLES
. rename ccode ccodecow

. sort ccodecow year

. merge 1:1 ccodecow year using "coercive_imbalance_raw/information_capacity.dta" , keepus
> ing(yearbook_published census)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                        94,201
        from master                    92,149  (_merge==1)
        from using                      2,052  (_merge==2)

    Matched                            15,298  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. rename ccodecow ccode 

. drop if _merge==2
(2,052 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. //MERGE DATA ON DIPLOMACY AND UNIVERSITIES
. sort iso3 year

. merge m:1 iso3 using "coercive_imbalance_raw/atech_raw.dta" , keepusing(adoptionyearn05 
> adoptionyearn06 )

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                             6
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                          6  (_merge==2)

    Matched                           107,447  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. rename adoptionyearn05 Diplomacy

. rename adoptionyearn06 University

. drop if _merge==2
(6 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. //GENERATE ADDITIONAL VARIABLES
. xtset ccode year

Panel variable: ccode (unbalanced)
 Time variable: year, 1400 to 2021, but with gaps
         Delta: 1 unit

. sort ccode year

. 
. gen gdp=exp(lngdpc)+pop_hyde
(80,651 missing values generated)

. gen lnmilex=ln(milex)
(93,936 missing values generated)

. gen lnmilex_pop=ln(milex)-ln(tpop)
(94,273 missing values generated)

. gen milper_pop=milper/tpop
(93,277 missing values generated)

. gen civilwar_3y=max(civilwar, L.civilwar, L2.civilwar)

. gen civilwar_central_3y=max(civilwar_central, L.civilwar_central, L2.civilwar_central)
(92,758 missing values generated)

. gen interstatewar_3y=max(interstatewar, L.interstatewar, L2.interstatewar)
(92,758 missing values generated)

. gen lnmilper=ln(milper)
(93,426 missing values generated)

. gen coldwar=0

. replace coldwar=1 if year>1946 & year<1992
(7,785 real changes made)

. gen le_total_oil_income_pc=ln(e_total_oil_income_pc+0.001)
(92,797 missing values generated)

. gen le_total_resources_income_pc=ln(e_total_resources_income_pc+0.001)
(96,862 missing values generated)

. save "coercive_imbalance_final/ci_main_jop.dta", replace
file coercive_imbalance_final/ci_main_jop.dta saved

. 
. erase "coercive_imbalance_final/temp.dta"

. 
. *###############################################################################
. *       2 CODE NEIGHBORS AND DISTANCES
. *###############################################################################
. 
. *This bit of code identifies neighbours, second neighbors and bilateral distances used t
> o
. *cosntruct the instrument and the controls for spatial spill-overs
. 
. *Get neighbours
. clear

. use "coercive_imbalance_raw/COW_contiguity_2010.dta"

. 
. 
. keep if conttype<4
(426 observations deleted)

. keep state*no

. 
. 
. save "coercive_imbalance_final/temp.dta", replace
(file coercive_imbalance_final/temp.dta not found)
file coercive_imbalance_final/temp.dta saved

. 
. rename state1no ccode

. rename state2no state1no

. 
. joinby state1no using "coercive_imbalance_final/temp.dta"

. 
. expand 2, gen(new)
(3,714 observations created)

. gen neighbour=state1no if new==0
(3,714 missing values generated)

. gen neighbour_type=1 if new==0
(3,714 missing values generated)

. replace neighbour=state2no if new==1
(3,714 real changes made)

. replace neighbour_type=2 if new==1
(3,714 real changes made)

. sort ccode neighbour neighbour_type

. 
. duplicates drop ccode neighbour, force

Duplicates in terms of ccode neighbour

(5,029 observations deleted)

. 
. keep ccode neighbour neighbour_type 

. save "coercive_imbalance_final/neighbours_jop.dta", replace
(file coercive_imbalance_final/neighbours_jop.dta not found)
file coercive_imbalance_final/neighbours_jop.dta saved

. 
. *Get bilateral distances
. clear

. use "coercive_imbalance_raw/dist_cepii.dta" 

. keep iso* distw

. 
. replace iso_o="ROU" if iso_o=="ROM"
(225 real changes made)

. replace iso_d="ROU" if iso_d=="ROM"
(225 real changes made)

. replace iso_o="SRB" if iso_o=="YUG"
(225 real changes made)

. replace iso_d="SRB" if iso_d=="YUG"
(225 real changes made)

. 
. rename iso_o iso3

. 
. merge m:1 iso3 using "coercive_imbalance_raw/country_codes.dta", keepusing(country COW_c
> code region2)
(variable iso3 was str3, now str44 to accommodate using data's values)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                         2,276
        from master                     2,250  (_merge==1)
        from using                         26  (_merge==2)

    Matched                            48,374  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge!=3
(2,276 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. rename COW_ccode ccode

. rename iso3 iso_main

. rename iso_d iso3

. rename region2 region

. 
. merge m:1 iso3 using "coercive_imbalance_raw/country_codes.dta", keepusing(COW_ccode reg
> ion2)
(variable iso3 was str3, now str44 to accommodate using data's values)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                         2,176
        from master                     2,150  (_merge==1)
        from using                         26  (_merge==2)

    Matched                            46,224  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge!=3
(2,176 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. rename COW_ccode neighbour

. rename iso3 iso3_dyad

. rename iso_main iso3

. rename region2 region_neighbour

. 
. duplicates drop ccode neighbour, force

Duplicates in terms of ccode neighbour

(429 observations deleted)

. 
. *merge back neighbour data on distances
. merge 1:1 ccode neighbour using "coercive_imbalance_final/neighbours_jop.dta", keepusing
> (neighbour_type)
(variable neighbour was int, now float to accommodate using data's values)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                        43,578
        from master                    43,487  (_merge==1)
        from using                         91  (_merge==2)

    Matched                             2,308  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge==2
(91 observations deleted)

. drop _merge ccode neighbour

. order country iso3 iso3_dyad neighbour_type distw

. 
. drop if iso3==iso3_dyad
(213 observations deleted)

. 
. gen year=2000

. merge m:1 iso3 year using "coercive_imbalance_final/ci_main_jop.dta"
(variable year was float, now double to accommodate using data's values)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       116,435
        from master                     9,159  (_merge==1)
        from using                    107,276  (_merge==2)

    Matched                            36,423  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge!=3
(116,435 observations deleted)

. keep country iso3 iso3_dyad neighbour_type distw

. 
. drop if distw==.
(513 observations deleted)

. 
. save "coercive_imbalance_final/neighbours_jop.dta", replace
file coercive_imbalance_final/neighbours_jop.dta saved

. erase "coercive_imbalance_final/temp.dta"

. 
. 
. 
. *###############################################################################
. *       3 CONSTRUCT INSTRUMENT
. *###############################################################################
. 
. *This bit of code constructs the instrument (and the alternative instruments used in the
>  appendix)
. 
. clear

. use "coercive_imbalance_final/ci_main_jop.dta"

. 
. replace independent="" if democracy==. // restrict sample to countries covered by both t
> he Boix et al democracy data (equivalent to keeping only independent states) and the mil
> itary tech data
(55,935 real changes made)

. 
. keep country year iso3 pop_hyde ccode *_use independent 

. drop if year<1820 
(72,504 observations deleted)

. 
. 
. //Reshape
. rename *_use use*

. rename uses* use1*

. rename usea* use2*

. rename user* use3*

. rename uset* use4*

. rename usem* use5*

. rename useh* use6*

. 
. reshape long use, i(country year iso3 pop_hyde independent) j(tech)
(j = 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 21 22 23 24 25 31 32 33 34 35 36 41 42 43 44 45 51 52 61 6
> 2)

Data                               Wide   ->   Long
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Number of observations           34,943   ->   1,013,347   
Number of variables                  35   ->   8           
j variable (29 values)                    ->   tech
xij variables:
                  use11 use12 ... use62   ->   use
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. 
. //SAVE MEMORY
. //Drop observations prior to invention
. gen temp=year if use==1
(743,845 missing values generated)

. egen firstuse=min(temp), by(tech)

. drop if year<firstuse-1
(395,305 observations deleted)

. drop temp

. 
. 
. *drop observations five years after full adoption
. egen adoptionrate=mean(use), by(tech year)
(55,100 missing values generated)

. gen temp=year if adoptionrate==1
(345,221 missing values generated)

. egen lastyear=min(temp), by(tech)
(161,024 missing values generated)

. drop if year>lastyear+5
(286,613 observations deleted)

. drop lastyear temp

. 
. drop if iso3==""
(0 observations deleted)

. 
. 
. save "coercive_imbalance_final/temp.dta", replace
(file coercive_imbalance_final/temp.dta not found)
file coercive_imbalance_final/temp.dta saved

.  
. //GENERATE VARIABLES
. levelsof tech, local(techs)
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 21 22 23 24 25 31 32 33 34 35 36 41 42 43 44 45 51 52 61 62

. foreach x of local techs {
  2. *foreach x of numlist 31 { // for debugging
. clear
  3. use "coercive_imbalance_final/temp.dta"
  4. keep if tech==`x'
  5. sum year
  6. scalar firstyear=`r(min)'
  7. scalar lastyear=`r(max)'
  8. clear
  9. use "coercive_imbalance_final/neighbours_jop.dta"
 10. expand lastyear-firstyear+1
 11. egen dyad=group(iso3 iso3_dyad)
 12. sort dyad
 13. gen year=_n-(dyad-1)*(lastyear-firstyear+1)+firstyear-1
 14. drop dyad
 15. gen tech=`x'
 16. merge m:1 iso3 year tech using "coercive_imbalance_final/temp.dta", keepusing(indepen
> dent) //eliminate observations when main country not independent to save time
 17. drop if _merge!=3
 18. drop _merge
 19. rename iso3 iso3_main
 20. rename iso3_dyad iso3
 21. drop if independent!="yes"
 22. drop independent
 23. merge m:1 iso3 year tech using "coercive_imbalance_final/temp.dta" //import use, popu
> lation data for weights etc
 24. drop if _merge!=3
 25. drop _merge
 26. rename iso3 iso3_neighbour
 27. rename iso3_main iso3
 28. 
. gen bal_temp=1 if year==lastyear & use==.
 29. egen missing=max(bal_temp), by(iso3_neighbour)
 30. drop if missing==1
 31. 
. egen obsno=count(year), by(iso3 iso3_neighbour)
 32. gen obs_dyad=1 if independent=="yes"
 33. egen obsno_dyad=sum(obs_dyad), by(iso3 iso3_neighbour)
 34. egen yindp=min(year) , by(iso3)
 35. gen balance_indp=1 if obsno==obsno_dyad 
 36. 
. 
. *gen lnpop in startyear
. gen temp=ln(pop_hyde) if year==firstyear
 37. egen lnpop_firstyear=mean(temp), by(iso3_neighbour iso3)
 38. drop temp
 39. gen temp=ln(pop_hyde) if year==max(yindp,firstyear)
 40. egen lnpop_yindp=mean(temp), by(iso3_neighbour iso3)
 41. drop temp
 42. 
.              
. *Generate variables (all both simple and ex neighbours): distance to nearest user , use 
> in neighbours, distance-weighted use 
. 
. drop if iso3_neighbour=="DEU" | iso3_neighbour=="FRA" | iso3_neighbour=="RUS" | iso3_nei
> ghbour=="GBR" | iso3_neighbour=="USA"
 43. 
. gen distweight_use1=use/distw 
 44. gen distweight_use2=use/distw if neighbour_type!=1 
 45. 
. gen distweight_use1_bali=use/distw if balance_indp==1
 46. gen distweight_use2_bali=use/distw if neighbour_type!=1 & balance_indp==1
 47. gen distweight_use3_bali=use/distw if neighbour_type!=1 & balance_indp==1 & distw>500
 48. gen distweight_use4_bali=use/distw if neighbour_type!=1 & balance_indp==1 & distw>750
 49. gen distweight_use5_bali=use/distw if neighbour_type!=1 & balance_indp==1 & distw>100
> 0
 50. 
. 
. gen distweight_obs1=1/distw
 51. gen distweight_obs2=1/distw if neighbour_type!=1
 52. 
. gen distweight_obs1_bali=1/distw if balance_indp==1
 53. gen distweight_obs2_bali=1/distw if neighbour_type!=1 & balance_indp==1
 54. gen distweight_obs3_bali=1/distw if neighbour_type!=1 & balance_indp==1 & distw>500
 55. gen distweight_obs4_bali=1/distw if neighbour_type!=1 & balance_indp==1 & distw>750
 56. gen distweight_obs5_bali=1/distw if neighbour_type!=1 & balance_indp==1 & distw>1000
 57. 
. 
. gen distweight_usepop1_bali=distweight_use1_bali*lnpop_yindp
 58. gen distweight_obspop1_bali=distweight_obs1_bali*lnpop_yindp
 59. gen distweight_usepop2_bali=distweight_use2_bali*lnpop_yindp
 60. gen distweight_obspop2_bali=distweight_obs2_bali*lnpop_yindp
 61. 
. 
. collapse (sum) distw* , by(iso3 tech country year)
 62. 
. 
. cd coercive_imbalance_final
 63. save temp`x'.dta , replace
 64. cd ..
 65. 
. }
(318,108 observations deleted)

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
        year |     13,321        1858    22.22695       1820       1896
(2,729,160 observations created)
(variable year was float, now double to accommodate using data's values)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       318,262
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                    318,262  (_merge==2)

    Matched                         2,765,070  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(318,262 observations deleted)
(2,071,230 observations deleted)
(label var already defined)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       450,422
        from master                   132,160  (_merge==1)
        from using                    318,262  (_merge==2)

    Matched                           561,680  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(450,422 observations deleted)
(556,937 missing values generated)
(254,408 missing values generated)
(307,272 observations deleted)
(111,206 missing values generated)
(160,874 missing values generated)
(252,560 missing values generated)
(112,112 missing values generated)
(250,481 missing values generated)
(16,135 observations deleted)
(15,544 missing values generated)
(23,248 missing values generated)
(160,874 missing values generated)
(164,841 missing values generated)
(164,978 missing values generated)
(165,786 missing values generated)
(166,942 missing values generated)
(8,133 missing values generated)
(160,874 missing values generated)
(164,841 missing values generated)
(164,978 missing values generated)
(165,786 missing values generated)
(166,942 missing values generated)
(160,874 missing values generated)
(160,874 missing values generated)
(164,841 missing values generated)
(164,841 missing values generated)
C:\Users\ngb815\Dropbox\Coercive_tech\stata\coercive_imbalance\Replication\coercive_imbala
> nce_final
(file temp11.dta not found)
file temp11.dta saved
C:\Users\ngb815\Dropbox\Coercive_tech\stata\coercive_imbalance\Replication
(318,108 observations deleted)

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
        year |     13,321        1858    22.22695       1820       1896
(2,729,160 observations created)
(variable year was float, now double to accommodate using data's values)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       318,262
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                    318,262  (_merge==2)

    Matched                         2,765,070  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(318,262 observations deleted)
(2,071,230 observations deleted)
(label var already defined)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       450,422
        from master                   132,160  (_merge==1)
        from using                    318,262  (_merge==2)

    Matched                           561,680  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(450,422 observations deleted)
(556,479 missing values generated)
(224,749 missing values generated)
(336,931 observations deleted)
(84,774 missing values generated)
(134,442 missing values generated)
(223,116 missing values generated)
(99,008 missing values generated)
(221,280 missing values generated)
(16,135 observations deleted)
(19,683 missing values generated)
(26,949 missing values generated)
(134,828 missing values generated)
(138,788 missing values generated)
(138,925 missing values generated)
(139,731 missing values generated)
(140,880 missing values generated)
(7,825 missing values generated)
(134,442 missing values generated)
(138,409 missing values generated)
(138,546 missing values generated)
(139,354 missing values generated)
(140,510 missing values generated)
(134,828 missing values generated)
(134,442 missing values generated)
(138,788 missing values generated)
(138,409 missing values generated)
C:\Users\ngb815\Dropbox\Coercive_tech\stata\coercive_imbalance\Replication\coercive_imbala
> nce_final
(file temp12.dta not found)
file temp12.dta saved
C:\Users\ngb815\Dropbox\Coercive_tech\stata\coercive_imbalance\Replication
(318,108 observations deleted)

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
        year |     13,321        1858    22.22695       1820       1896
(2,729,160 observations created)
(variable year was float, now double to accommodate using data's values)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       318,262
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                    318,262  (_merge==2)

    Matched                         2,765,070  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(318,262 observations deleted)
(2,071,230 observations deleted)
(label var already defined)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       450,422
        from master                   132,160  (_merge==1)
        from using                    318,262  (_merge==2)

    Matched                           561,680  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(450,422 observations deleted)
(556,479 missing values generated)
(224,749 missing values generated)
(336,931 observations deleted)
(84,774 missing values generated)
(134,442 missing values generated)
(223,116 missing values generated)
(99,008 missing values generated)
(221,280 missing values generated)
(16,135 observations deleted)
(21,305 missing values generated)
(28,571 missing values generated)
(134,936 missing values generated)
(138,896 missing values generated)
(139,033 missing values generated)
(139,839 missing values generated)
(140,988 missing values generated)
(7,825 missing values generated)
(134,442 missing values generated)
(138,409 missing values generated)
(138,546 missing values generated)
(139,354 missing values generated)
(140,510 missing values generated)
(134,936 missing values generated)
(134,442 missing values generated)
(138,896 missing values generated)
(138,409 missing values generated)
C:\Users\ngb815\Dropbox\Coercive_tech\stata\coercive_imbalance\Replication\coercive_imbala
> nce_final
(file temp13.dta not found)
file temp13.dta saved
C:\Users\ngb815\Dropbox\Coercive_tech\stata\coercive_imbalance\Replication
(319,492 observations deleted)

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
        year |     11,937        1862    19.91733       1828       1896
(2,441,880 observations created)
(variable year was float, now double to accommodate using data's values)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       319,630
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                    319,630  (_merge==2)

    Matched                         2,477,790  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(319,630 observations deleted)
(1,829,310 observations deleted)
(label var already defined)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       443,150
        from master                   123,520  (_merge==1)
        from using                    319,630  (_merge==2)

    Matched                           524,960  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(443,150 observations deleted)
(519,352 missing values generated)
(185,379 missing values generated)
(339,581 observations deleted)
(52,321 missing values generated)
(89,094 missing values generated)
(183,578 missing values generated)
(61,110 missing values generated)
(182,317 missing values generated)
(15,095 observations deleted)
(47,565 missing values generated)
(52,944 missing values generated)
(103,038 missing values generated)
(106,763 missing values generated)
(106,892 missing values generated)
(107,551 missing values generated)
(108,586 missing values generated)
(6,989 missing values generated)
(89,094 missing values generated)
(93,686 missing values generated)
(93,815 missing values generated)
(94,583 missing values generated)
(95,667 missing values generated)
(103,038 missing values generated)
(89,094 missing values generated)
(106,763 missing values generated)
(93,686 missing values generated)
C:\Users\ngb815\Dropbox\Coercive_tech\stata\coercive_imbalance\Replication\coercive_imbala
> nce_final
(file temp14.dta not found)
file temp14.dta saved
C:\Users\ngb815\Dropbox\Coercive_tech\stata\coercive_imbalance\Replication
(321,914 observations deleted)

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
        year |      9,515        1874    15.87534       1847       1901
(1,939,140 observations created)
(variable year was float, now double to accommodate using data's values)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       322,024
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                    322,024  (_merge==2)

    Matched                         1,975,050  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(322,024 observations deleted)
(1,418,550 observations deleted)
(label var already defined)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       428,024
        from master                   106,000  (_merge==1)
        from using                    322,024  (_merge==2)

    Matched                           450,500  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(428,024 observations deleted)
(444,460 missing values generated)
(148,510 missing values generated)
(301,990 observations deleted)
(28,108 missing values generated)
(43,444 missing values generated)
(146,156 missing values generated)
(19,040 missing values generated)
(145,540 missing values generated)
(12,975 observations deleted)
(29,260 missing values generated)
(34,161 missing values generated)
(58,171 missing values generated)
(62,190 missing values generated)
(62,370 missing values generated)
(63,168 missing values generated)
(64,251 missing values generated)
(6,062 missing values generated)
(43,444 missing values generated)
(48,282 missing values generated)
(48,462 missing values generated)
(49,393 missing values generated)
(50,536 missing values generated)
(58,171 missing values generated)
(43,444 missing values generated)
(62,190 missing values generated)
(48,282 missing values generated)
C:\Users\ngb815\Dropbox\Coercive_tech\stata\coercive_imbalance\Replication\coercive_imbala
> nce_final
(file temp15.dta not found)
file temp15.dta saved
C:\Users\ngb815\Dropbox\Coercive_tech\stata\coercive_imbalance\Replication
(321,914 observations deleted)

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
        year |      9,515        1874    15.87534       1847       1901
(1,939,140 observations created)
(variable year was float, now double to accommodate using data's values)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       322,024
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                    322,024  (_merge==2)

    Matched                         1,975,050  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(322,024 observations deleted)
(1,418,550 observations deleted)
(label var already defined)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       428,024
        from master                   106,000  (_merge==1)
        from using                    322,024  (_merge==2)

    Matched                           450,500  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(428,024 observations deleted)
(444,460 missing values generated)
(148,510 missing values generated)
(301,990 observations deleted)
(28,108 missing values generated)
(43,444 missing values generated)
(146,156 missing values generated)
(19,040 missing values generated)
(145,540 missing values generated)
(12,975 observations deleted)
(16,542 missing values generated)
(22,180 missing values generated)
(45,858 missing values generated)
(50,612 missing values generated)
(50,792 missing values generated)
(51,709 missing values generated)
(52,852 missing values generated)
(6,062 missing values generated)
(43,444 missing values generated)
(48,282 missing values generated)
(48,462 missing values generated)
(49,393 missing values generated)
(50,536 missing values generated)
(45,858 missing values generated)
(43,444 missing values generated)
(50,612 missing values generated)
(48,282 missing values generated)
C:\Users\ngb815\Dropbox\Coercive_tech\stata\coercive_imbalance\Replication\coercive_imbala
> nce_final
(file temp16.dta not found)
file temp16.dta saved
C:\Users\ngb815\Dropbox\Coercive_tech\stata\coercive_imbalance\Replication
(322,952 observations deleted)

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
        year |      8,477        1885    14.14297       1861       1909
(1,723,680 observations created)
(variable year was float, now double to accommodate using data's values)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       323,050
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                    323,050  (_merge==2)

    Matched                         1,759,590  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(323,050 observations deleted)
(1,237,530 observations deleted)
(label var already defined)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       422,490
        from master                    99,440  (_merge==1)
        from using                    323,050  (_merge==2)

    Matched                           422,620  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(422,490 observations deleted)
(415,788 missing values generated)
(124,604 missing values generated)
(298,016 observations deleted)
(15,760 missing values generated)
(26,379 missing values generated)
(122,298 missing values generated)
(11,610 missing values generated)
(121,746 missing values generated)
(12,185 observations deleted)
(9,281 missing values generated)
(14,314 missing values generated)
(26,737 missing values generated)
(31,075 missing values generated)
(31,253 missing values generated)
(32,124 missing values generated)
(33,449 missing values generated)
(5,172 missing values generated)
(26,379 missing values generated)
(30,741 missing values generated)
(30,925 missing values generated)
(31,808 missing values generated)
(33,139 missing values generated)
(26,737 missing values generated)
(26,379 missing values generated)
(31,075 missing values generated)
(30,741 missing values generated)
C:\Users\ngb815\Dropbox\Coercive_tech\stata\coercive_imbalance\Replication\coercive_imbala
> nce_final
(file temp17.dta not found)
file temp17.dta saved
C:\Users\ngb815\Dropbox\Coercive_tech\stata\coercive_imbalance\Replication
(326,412 observations deleted)

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
        year |      5,017        1899    8.367434       1885       1913
(1,005,480 observations created)
(variable year was float, now double to accommodate using data's values)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       326,470
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                    326,470  (_merge==2)

    Matched                         1,041,390  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(326,470 observations deleted)
(717,780 observations deleted)
(label var already defined)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       388,110
        from master                    61,640  (_merge==1)
        from using                    326,470  (_merge==2)

    Matched                           261,970  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(388,110 observations deleted)
(255,257 missing values generated)
(77,265 missing values generated)
(184,705 observations deleted)
(7,993 missing values generated)
(10,602 missing values generated)
(74,708 missing values generated)
(3,418 missing values generated)
(74,356 missing values generated)
(7,560 observations deleted)
(7,953 missing values generated)
(11,005 missing values generated)
(12,309 missing values generated)
(15,302 missing values generated)
(15,476 missing values generated)
(16,153 missing values generated)
(17,147 missing values generated)
(3,173 missing values generated)
(10,602 missing values generated)
(13,688 missing values generated)
(13,862 missing values generated)
(14,570 missing values generated)
(15,578 missing values generated)
(12,309 missing values generated)
(10,602 missing values generated)
(15,302 missing values generated)
(13,688 missing values generated)
C:\Users\ngb815\Dropbox\Coercive_tech\stata\coercive_imbalance\Replication\coercive_imbala
> nce_final
(file temp18.dta not found)
file temp18.dta saved
C:\Users\ngb815\Dropbox\Coercive_tech\stata\coercive_imbalance\Replication
(319,492 observations deleted)

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
        year |     11,937        1977    19.91733       1943       2011
(2,441,880 observations created)
(variable year was float, now double to accommodate using data's values)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       319,630
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                    319,630  (_merge==2)

    Matched                         2,477,790  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(319,630 observations deleted)
(601,440 observations deleted)
(label var already defined)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       677,201
        from master                   357,400  (_merge==1)
        from using                    319,801  (_merge==2)

    Matched                         1,518,950  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(677,201 observations deleted)
(1,518,950 missing values generated)
(1,518,950 missing values generated)
(0 observations deleted)
(269,608 missing values generated)
(731,623 missing values generated)
(1,507,390 missing values generated)
(740,350 missing values generated)
(1,489,880 missing values generated)
(44,379 observations deleted)
(274,561 missing values generated)
(302,696 missing values generated)
(729,913 missing values generated)
(750,508 missing values generated)
(752,365 missing values generated)
(757,375 missing values generated)
(765,502 missing values generated)
(31,990 missing values generated)
(723,153 missing values generated)
(744,002 missing values generated)
(745,859 missing values generated)
(750,953 missing values generated)
(759,157 missing values generated)
(729,913 missing values generated)
(723,153 missing values generated)
(750,508 missing values generated)
(744,002 missing values generated)
C:\Users\ngb815\Dropbox\Coercive_tech\stata\coercive_imbalance\Replication\coercive_imbala
> nce_final
(file temp19.dta not found)
file temp19.dta saved
C:\Users\ngb815\Dropbox\Coercive_tech\stata\coercive_imbalance\Replication
(314,648 observations deleted)

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
        year |     16,781        1868    28.00083       1820       1916
(3,447,360 observations created)
(variable year was float, now double to accommodate using data's values)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       314,842
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                    314,842  (_merge==2)

    Matched                         3,483,270  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(314,842 observations deleted)
(2,558,430 observations deleted)
(label var already defined)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       491,002
        from master                   176,160  (_merge==1)
        from using                    314,842  (_merge==2)

    Matched                           748,680  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(491,002 observations deleted)
(742,127 missing values generated)
(242,522 missing values generated)
(506,158 observations deleted)
(53,749 missing values generated)
(122,520 missing values generated)
(241,200 missing values generated)
(114,960 missing values generated)
(239,273 missing values generated)
(21,535 observations deleted)
(44,495 missing values generated)
(53,288 missing values generated)
(122,954 missing values generated)
(128,138 missing values generated)
(128,341 missing values generated)
(129,367 missing values generated)
(130,887 missing values generated)
(9,634 missing values generated)
(122,520 missing values generated)
(127,723 missing values generated)
(127,926 missing values generated)
(128,968 missing values generated)
(130,489 missing values generated)
(122,954 missing values generated)
(122,520 missing values generated)
(128,138 missing values generated)
(127,723 missing values generated)
C:\Users\ngb815\Dropbox\Coercive_tech\stata\coercive_imbalance\Replication\coercive_imbala
> nce_final
(file temp21.dta not found)
file temp21.dta saved
C:\Users\ngb815\Dropbox\Coercive_tech\stata\coercive_imbalance\Replication
(320,357 observations deleted)

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
        year |     11,072      1884.5    18.47379       1853       1916
(2,262,330 observations created)
(variable year was float, now double to accommodate using data's values)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       320,485
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                    320,485  (_merge==2)

    Matched                         2,298,240  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(320,485 observations deleted)
(1,618,890 observations deleted)
(label var already defined)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       449,885
        from master                   129,400  (_merge==1)
        from using                    320,485  (_merge==2)

    Matched                           549,950  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(449,885 observations deleted)
(543,229 missing values generated)
(168,538 missing values generated)
(381,412 observations deleted)
(23,165 missing values generated)
(42,781 missing values generated)
(166,298 missing values generated)
(25,814 missing values generated)
(165,463 missing values generated)
(15,855 observations deleted)
(40,409 missing values generated)
(46,101 missing values generated)
(62,357 missing values generated)
(67,370 missing values generated)
(67,604 missing values generated)
(68,643 missing values generated)
(70,043 missing values generated)
(6,824 missing values generated)
(42,781 missing values generated)
(48,702 missing values generated)
(48,936 missing values generated)
(50,157 missing values generated)
(51,610 missing values generated)
(62,357 missing values generated)
(42,781 missing values generated)
(67,370 missing values generated)
(48,702 missing values generated)
C:\Users\ngb815\Dropbox\Coercive_tech\stata\coercive_imbalance\Replication\coercive_imbala
> nce_final
(file temp22.dta not found)
file temp22.dta saved
C:\Users\ngb815\Dropbox\Coercive_tech\stata\coercive_imbalance\Replication
(320,530 observations deleted)

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
        year |     10,899        1885    18.18508       1854       1916
(2,226,420 observations created)
(variable year was float, now double to accommodate using data's values)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       320,656
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                    320,656  (_merge==2)

    Matched                         2,262,330  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(320,656 observations deleted)
(1,592,010 observations deleted)
(label var already defined)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       448,336
        from master                   127,680  (_merge==1)
        from using                    320,656  (_merge==2)

    Matched                           542,640  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(448,336 observations deleted)
(535,919 missing values generated)
(166,298 missing values generated)
(376,342 observations deleted)
(22,563 missing values generated)
(42,179 missing values generated)
(164,058 missing values generated)
(25,814 missing values generated)
(163,223 missing values generated)
(15,645 observations deleted)
(43,837 missing values generated)
(49,229 missing values generated)
(64,131 missing values generated)
(68,912 missing values generated)
(69,144 missing values generated)
(70,156 missing values generated)
(71,436 missing values generated)
(6,730 missing values generated)
(42,179 missing values generated)
(48,016 missing values generated)
(48,248 missing values generated)
(49,453 missing values generated)
(50,891 missing values generated)
(64,131 missing values generated)
(42,179 missing values generated)
(68,912 missing values generated)
(48,016 missing values generated)
C:\Users\ngb815\Dropbox\Coercive_tech\stata\coercive_imbalance\Replication\coercive_imbala
> nce_final
(file temp23.dta not found)
file temp23.dta saved
C:\Users\ngb815\Dropbox\Coercive_tech\stata\coercive_imbalance\Replication
(322,606 observations deleted)

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
        year |      8,823        1891    14.72044       1866       1916
(1,795,500 observations created)
(variable year was float, now double to accommodate using data's values)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       322,708
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                    322,708  (_merge==2)

    Matched                         1,831,410  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(322,708 observations deleted)
(1,274,280 observations deleted)
(label var already defined)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       428,828
        from master                   106,120  (_merge==1)
        from using                    322,708  (_merge==2)

    Matched                           451,010  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(428,828 observations deleted)
(444,289 missing values generated)
(138,222 missing values generated)
(312,788 observations deleted)
(16,063 missing values generated)
(27,977 missing values generated)
(135,826 missing values generated)
(16,662 missing values generated)
(135,147 missing values generated)
(13,010 observations deleted)
(25,895 missing values generated)
(30,919 missing values generated)
(39,062 missing values generated)
(43,600 missing values generated)
(43,808 missing values generated)
(44,771 missing values generated)
(46,128 missing values generated)
(5,571 missing values generated)
(27,977 missing values generated)
(32,949 missing values generated)
(33,157 missing values generated)
(34,170 missing values generated)
(35,560 missing values generated)
(39,062 missing values generated)
(27,977 missing values generated)
(43,600 missing values generated)
(32,949 missing values generated)
C:\Users\ngb815\Dropbox\Coercive_tech\stata\coercive_imbalance\Replication\coercive_imbala
> nce_final
(file temp24.dta not found)
file temp24.dta saved
C:\Users\ngb815\Dropbox\Coercive_tech\stata\coercive_imbalance\Replication
(323,125 observations deleted)

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
        year |      8,304      1920.5    13.85423       1897       1944
(1,687,770 observations created)
(variable year was float, now double to accommodate using data's values)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       323,221
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                    323,221  (_merge==2)

    Matched                         1,723,680  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(323,221 observations deleted)
(1,098,090 observations deleted)
(label var already defined)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       442,381
        from master                   119,160  (_merge==1)
        from using                    323,221  (_merge==2)

    Matched                           506,430  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(442,381 observations deleted)
(497,964 missing values generated)
(140,789 missing values generated)
(365,641 observations deleted)
(5,493 missing values generated)
(20,637 missing values generated)
(138,381 missing values generated)
(28,469 missing values generated)
(137,285 missing values generated)
(14,655 observations deleted)
(10,400 missing values generated)
(15,557 missing values generated)
(23,443 missing values generated)
(28,296 missing values generated)
(28,577 missing values generated)
(29,819 missing values generated)
(31,846 missing values generated)
(5,434 missing values generated)
(20,637 missing values generated)
(25,594 missing values generated)
(25,875 missing values generated)
(27,138 missing values generated)
(29,171 missing values generated)
(23,443 missing values generated)
(20,637 missing values generated)
(28,296 missing values generated)
(25,594 missing values generated)
C:\Users\ngb815\Dropbox\Coercive_tech\stata\coercive_imbalance\Replication\coercive_imbala
> nce_final
(file temp25.dta not found)
file temp25.dta saved
C:\Users\ngb815\Dropbox\Coercive_tech\stata\coercive_imbalance\Replication
(312,229 observations deleted)

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
        year |     19,200    1965.991     32.0376       1911       2021
(3,950,100 observations created)
(variable year was float, now double to accommodate using data's values)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       313,081
        from master                       630  (_merge==1)
        from using                    312,451  (_merge==2)

    Matched                         3,985,380  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(313,081 observations deleted)
(1,671,810 observations deleted)
(label var already defined)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       755,009
        from master                   440,680  (_merge==1)
        from using                    314,329  (_merge==2)

    Matched                         1,872,890  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(755,009 observations deleted)
(1,872,890 missing values generated)
(1,872,890 missing values generated)
(0 observations deleted)
(489,428 missing values generated)
(1,028,624 missing values generated)
(1,863,200 missing values generated)
(918,850 missing values generated)
(1,843,820 missing values generated)
(54,629 observations deleted)
(469,204 missing values generated)
(502,366 missing values generated)
(1,018,237 missing values generated)
(1,042,132 missing values generated)
(1,044,060 missing values generated)
(1,049,709 missing values generated)
(1,058,514 missing values generated)
(39,579 missing values generated)
(1,018,165 missing values generated)
(1,042,074 missing values generated)
(1,044,002 missing values generated)
(1,049,651 missing values generated)
(1,058,461 missing values generated)
(1,018,237 missing values generated)
(1,018,165 missing values generated)
(1,042,132 missing values generated)
(1,042,074 missing values generated)
C:\Users\ngb815\Dropbox\Coercive_tech\stata\coercive_imbalance\Replication\coercive_imbala
> nce_final
(file temp31.dta not found)
file temp31.dta saved
C:\Users\ngb815\Dropbox\Coercive_tech\stata\coercive_imbalance\Replication
(316,208 observations deleted)

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
        year |     15,221    1977.491    25.39777       1934       2021
(3,124,170 observations created)
(variable year was float, now double to accommodate using data's values)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       317,014
        from master                       630  (_merge==1)
        from using                    316,384  (_merge==2)

    Matched                         3,159,450  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(317,014 observations deleted)
(1,152,900 observations deleted)
(label var already defined)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       700,462
        from master                   382,200  (_merge==1)
        from using                    318,262  (_merge==2)

    Matched                         1,624,350  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(700,462 observations deleted)
(1,624,350 missing values generated)
(1,624,350 missing values generated)
(0 observations deleted)
(332,900 missing values generated)
(812,090 missing values generated)
(1,612,620 missing values generated)
(754,630 missing values generated)
(1,595,280 missing values generated)
(47,434 observations deleted)
(324,998 missing values generated)
(354,561 missing values generated)
(810,050 missing values generated)
(831,883 missing values generated)
(833,835 missing values generated)
(839,245 missing values generated)
(847,893 missing values generated)
(34,251 missing values generated)
(803,027 missing values generated)
(825,186 missing values generated)
(827,163 missing values generated)
(832,619 missing values generated)
(841,322 missing values generated)
(810,050 missing values generated)
(803,027 missing values generated)
(831,883 missing values generated)
(825,186 missing values generated)
C:\Users\ngb815\Dropbox\Coercive_tech\stata\coercive_imbalance\Replication\coercive_imbala
> nce_final
(file temp32.dta not found)
file temp32.dta saved
C:\Users\ngb815\Dropbox\Coercive_tech\stata\coercive_imbalance\Replication
(317,592 observations deleted)

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
        year |     13,837    1981.491    23.08822       1942       2021
(2,836,890 observations created)
(variable year was float, now double to accommodate using data's values)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       318,382
        from master                       630  (_merge==1)
        from using                    317,752  (_merge==2)

    Matched                         2,872,170  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(318,382 observations deleted)
(981,750 observations deleted)
(label var already defined)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       679,710
        from master                   360,080  (_merge==1)
        from using                    319,630  (_merge==2)

    Matched                         1,530,340  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(679,710 observations deleted)
(1,530,340 missing values generated)
(1,530,340 missing values generated)
(0 observations deleted)
(276,576 missing values generated)
(743,169 missing values generated)
(1,518,950 missing values generated)
(751,910 missing values generated)
(1,501,270 missing values generated)
(44,709 observations deleted)
(260,940 missing values generated)
(289,622 missing values generated)
(734,633 missing values generated)
(755,628 missing values generated)
(757,497 missing values generated)
(762,569 missing values generated)
(770,706 missing values generated)
(32,236 missing values generated)
(734,633 missing values generated)
(755,628 missing values generated)
(757,497 missing values generated)
(762,569 missing values generated)
(770,706 missing values generated)
(734,633 missing values generated)
(734,633 missing values generated)
(755,628 missing values generated)
(755,628 missing values generated)
C:\Users\ngb815\Dropbox\Coercive_tech\stata\coercive_imbalance\Replication\coercive_imbala
> nce_final
(file temp33.dta not found)
file temp33.dta saved
C:\Users\ngb815\Dropbox\Coercive_tech\stata\coercive_imbalance\Replication
(319,149 observations deleted)

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
        year |     12,280    1985.991    20.48994       1951       2021
(2,513,700 observations created)
(variable year was float, now double to accommodate using data's values)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       319,921
        from master                       630  (_merge==1)
        from using                    319,291  (_merge==2)

    Matched                         2,548,980  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(319,921 observations deleted)
(794,220 observations deleted)
(label var already defined)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       655,409
        from master                   334,240  (_merge==1)
        from using                    321,169  (_merge==2)

    Matched                         1,420,520  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(655,409 observations deleted)
(1,420,520 missing values generated)
(1,420,520 missing values generated)
(0 observations deleted)
(212,614 missing values generated)
(618,304 missing values generated)
(1,407,090 missing values generated)
(614,720 missing values generated)
(1,391,450 missing values generated)
(41,519 observations deleted)
(199,956 missing values generated)
(227,105 missing values generated)
(610,410 missing values generated)
(631,717 missing values generated)
(633,533 missing values generated)
(638,243 missing values generated)
(646,152 missing values generated)
(29,894 missing values generated)
(610,410 missing values generated)
(631,717 missing values generated)
(633,533 missing values generated)
(638,243 missing values generated)
(646,152 missing values generated)
(610,410 missing values generated)
(610,410 missing values generated)
(631,717 missing values generated)
(631,717 missing values generated)
C:\Users\ngb815\Dropbox\Coercive_tech\stata\coercive_imbalance\Replication\coercive_imbala
> nce_final
(file temp34.dta not found)
file temp34.dta saved
C:\Users\ngb815\Dropbox\Coercive_tech\stata\coercive_imbalance\Replication
(320,187 observations deleted)

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
        year |     11,242    1988.991    18.75772       1957       2021
(2,298,240 observations created)
(variable year was float, now double to accommodate using data's values)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       320,947
        from master                       630  (_merge==1)
        from using                    320,317  (_merge==2)

    Matched                         2,333,520  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(320,947 observations deleted)
(680,610 observations deleted)
(label var already defined)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       637,035
        from master                   314,840  (_merge==1)
        from using                    322,195  (_merge==2)

    Matched                         1,338,070  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(637,035 observations deleted)
(1,338,070 missing values generated)
(1,338,070 missing values generated)
(0 observations deleted)
(168,912 missing values generated)
(538,350 missing values generated)
(1,323,280 missing values generated)
(539,410 missing values generated)
(1,309,000 missing values generated)
(39,118 observations deleted)
(158,109 missing values generated)
(183,997 missing values generated)
(530,941 missing values generated)
(551,859 missing values generated)
(553,591 missing values generated)
(558,066 missing values generated)
(565,593 missing values generated)
(28,128 missing values generated)
(530,941 missing values generated)
(551,859 missing values generated)
(553,591 missing values generated)
(558,066 missing values generated)
(565,593 missing values generated)
(530,941 missing values generated)
(530,941 missing values generated)
(551,859 missing values generated)
(551,859 missing values generated)
C:\Users\ngb815\Dropbox\Coercive_tech\stata\coercive_imbalance\Replication\coercive_imbala
> nce_final
(file temp35.dta not found)
file temp35.dta saved
C:\Users\ngb815\Dropbox\Coercive_tech\stata\coercive_imbalance\Replication
(322,609 observations deleted)

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
        year |      8,820    1995.991    14.71571       1971       2021
(1,795,500 observations created)
(variable year was float, now double to accommodate using data's values)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       323,341
        from master                       630  (_merge==1)
        from using                    322,711  (_merge==2)

    Matched                         1,830,780  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(323,341 observations deleted)
(512,820 observations deleted)
(label var already defined)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       575,629
        from master                   251,040  (_merge==1)
        from using                    324,589  (_merge==2)

    Matched                         1,066,920  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(575,629 observations deleted)
(1,066,920 missing values generated)
(1,066,920 missing values generated)
(0 observations deleted)
(81,286 missing values generated)
(208,962 missing values generated)
(1,043,970 missing values generated)
(148,920 missing values generated)
(1,037,850 missing values generated)
(31,199 observations deleted)
(75,407 missing values generated)
(96,460 missing values generated)
(203,148 missing values generated)
(222,332 missing values generated)
(224,229 missing values generated)
(228,384 missing values generated)
(235,376 missing values generated)
(22,145 missing values generated)
(203,148 missing values generated)
(222,332 missing values generated)
(224,229 missing values generated)
(228,384 missing values generated)
(235,376 missing values generated)
(203,148 missing values generated)
(203,148 missing values generated)
(222,332 missing values generated)
(222,332 missing values generated)
C:\Users\ngb815\Dropbox\Coercive_tech\stata\coercive_imbalance\Replication\coercive_imbala
> nce_final
(file temp36.dta not found)
file temp36.dta saved
C:\Users\ngb815\Dropbox\Coercive_tech\stata\coercive_imbalance\Replication
(312,921 observations deleted)

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
        year |     18,508    1967.991    30.88286       1915       2021
(3,806,460 observations created)
(variable year was float, now double to accommodate using data's values)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       313,765
        from master                       630  (_merge==1)
        from using                    313,135  (_merge==2)

    Matched                         3,841,740  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(313,765 observations deleted)
(1,575,630 observations deleted)
(label var already defined)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       746,653
        from master                   431,640  (_merge==1)
        from using                    315,013  (_merge==2)

    Matched                         1,834,470  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(746,653 observations deleted)
(1,834,470 missing values generated)
(1,834,470 missing values generated)
(0 observations deleted)
(463,552 missing values generated)
(995,487 missing values generated)
(1,824,780 missing values generated)
(911,710 missing values generated)
(1,805,400 missing values generated)
(53,519 observations deleted)
(444,217 missing values generated)
(476,910 missing values generated)
(985,975 missing values generated)
(1,009,471 missing values generated)
(1,011,565 missing values generated)
(1,017,375 missing values generated)
(1,026,124 missing values generated)
(38,734 missing values generated)
(985,250 missing values generated)
(1,008,781 missing values generated)
(1,010,875 missing values generated)
(1,016,696 missing values generated)
(1,025,445 missing values generated)
(985,975 missing values generated)
(985,250 missing values generated)
(1,009,471 missing values generated)
(1,008,781 missing values generated)
C:\Users\ngb815\Dropbox\Coercive_tech\stata\coercive_imbalance\Replication\coercive_imbala
> nce_final
(file temp41.dta not found)
file temp41.dta saved
C:\Users\ngb815\Dropbox\Coercive_tech\stata\coercive_imbalance\Replication
(317,073 observations deleted)

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
        year |     14,356    1979.991     23.9543       1939       2021
(2,944,620 observations created)
(variable year was float, now double to accommodate using data's values)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       317,869
        from master                       630  (_merge==1)
        from using                    317,239  (_merge==2)

    Matched                         2,979,900  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(317,869 observations deleted)
(1,046,640 observations deleted)
(label var already defined)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       687,357
        from master                   368,240  (_merge==1)
        from using                    319,117  (_merge==2)

    Matched                         1,565,020  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(687,357 observations deleted)
(1,565,020 missing values generated)
(1,565,020 missing values generated)
(0 observations deleted)
(297,582 missing values generated)
(770,394 missing values generated)
(1,553,120 missing values generated)
(741,710 missing values generated)
(1,535,950 missing values generated)
(45,714 observations deleted)
(282,452 missing values generated)
(311,582 missing values generated)
(762,230 missing values generated)
(783,621 missing values generated)
(785,528 missing values generated)
(790,724 missing values generated)
(799,029 missing values generated)
(32,982 missing values generated)
(761,660 missing values generated)
(783,059 missing values generated)
(784,966 missing values generated)
(790,162 missing values generated)
(798,475 missing values generated)
(762,230 missing values generated)
(761,660 missing values generated)
(783,621 missing values generated)
(783,059 missing values generated)
C:\Users\ngb815\Dropbox\Coercive_tech\stata\coercive_imbalance\Replication\coercive_imbala
> nce_final
(file temp42.dta not found)
file temp42.dta saved
C:\Users\ngb815\Dropbox\Coercive_tech\stata\coercive_imbalance\Replication
(318,457 observations deleted)

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
        year |     12,972    1983.991    21.64473       1947       2021
(2,657,340 observations created)
(variable year was float, now double to accommodate using data's values)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       319,237
        from master                       630  (_merge==1)
        from using                    318,607  (_merge==2)

    Matched                         2,692,620  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(319,237 observations deleted)
(874,440 observations deleted)
(label var already defined)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       666,805
        from master                   346,320  (_merge==1)
        from using                    320,485  (_merge==2)

    Matched                         1,471,860  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(666,805 observations deleted)
(1,471,860 missing values generated)
(1,471,860 missing values generated)
(0 observations deleted)
(241,426 missing values generated)
(683,570 missing values generated)
(1,459,790 missing values generated)
(699,380 missing values generated)
(1,442,790 missing values generated)
(43,013 observations deleted)
(226,897 missing values generated)
(254,806 missing values generated)
(675,374 missing values generated)
(696,274 missing values generated)
(698,146 missing values generated)
(703,048 missing values generated)
(711,086 missing values generated)
(30,980 missing values generated)
(675,374 missing values generated)
(696,274 missing values generated)
(698,146 missing values generated)
(703,048 missing values generated)
(711,086 missing values generated)
(675,374 missing values generated)
(675,374 missing values generated)
(696,274 missing values generated)
(696,274 missing values generated)
C:\Users\ngb815\Dropbox\Coercive_tech\stata\coercive_imbalance\Replication\coercive_imbala
> nce_final
(file temp43.dta not found)
file temp43.dta saved
C:\Users\ngb815\Dropbox\Coercive_tech\stata\coercive_imbalance\Replication
(320,533 observations deleted)

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
        year |     10,896    1989.991     18.1803       1959       2021
(2,226,420 observations created)
(variable year was float, now double to accommodate using data's values)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       321,289
        from master                       630  (_merge==1)
        from using                    320,659  (_merge==2)

    Matched                         2,261,700  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(321,289 observations deleted)
(645,540 observations deleted)
(label var already defined)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       630,377
        from master                   307,840  (_merge==1)
        from using                    322,537  (_merge==2)

    Matched                         1,308,320  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(630,377 observations deleted)
(1,308,320 missing values generated)
(1,308,320 missing values generated)
(0 observations deleted)
(154,300 missing values generated)
(519,127 missing values generated)
(1,293,360 missing values generated)
(530,400 missing values generated)
(1,279,250 missing values generated)
(38,251 observations deleted)
(144,022 missing values generated)
(169,446 missing values generated)
(511,893 missing values generated)
(532,408 missing values generated)
(534,112 missing values generated)
(538,487 missing values generated)
(545,844 missing values generated)
(27,482 missing values generated)
(511,893 missing values generated)
(532,408 missing values generated)
(534,112 missing values generated)
(538,487 missing values generated)
(545,844 missing values generated)
(511,893 missing values generated)
(511,893 missing values generated)
(532,408 missing values generated)
(532,408 missing values generated)
C:\Users\ngb815\Dropbox\Coercive_tech\stata\coercive_imbalance\Replication\coercive_imbala
> nce_final
(file temp44.dta not found)
file temp44.dta saved
C:\Users\ngb815\Dropbox\Coercive_tech\stata\coercive_imbalance\Replication
(323,820 observations deleted)

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
        year |      7,609    1999.492    12.69458       1978       2021
(1,544,130 observations created)
(variable year was float, now double to accommodate using data's values)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       324,538
        from master                       630  (_merge==1)
        from using                    323,908  (_merge==2)

    Matched                         1,579,410  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(324,538 observations deleted)
(465,780 observations deleted)
(label var already defined)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       537,906
        from master                   212,120  (_merge==1)
        from using                    325,786  (_merge==2)

    Matched                           901,510  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(537,906 observations deleted)
(901,510 missing values generated)
(901,510 missing values generated)
(0 observations deleted)
(50,252 missing values generated)
(128,560 missing values generated)
(876,860 missing values generated)
(88,060 missing values generated)
(872,440 missing values generated)
(26,362 observations deleted)
(46,598 missing values generated)
(64,618 missing values generated)
(123,719 missing values generated)
(140,529 missing values generated)
(142,218 missing values generated)
(145,842 missing values generated)
(152,137 missing values generated)
(18,686 missing values generated)
(123,719 missing values generated)
(140,529 missing values generated)
(142,218 missing values generated)
(145,842 missing values generated)
(152,137 missing values generated)
(123,719 missing values generated)
(123,719 missing values generated)
(140,529 missing values generated)
(140,529 missing values generated)
C:\Users\ngb815\Dropbox\Coercive_tech\stata\coercive_imbalance\Replication\coercive_imbala
> nce_final
(file temp45.dta not found)
file temp45.dta saved
C:\Users\ngb815\Dropbox\Coercive_tech\stata\coercive_imbalance\Replication
(321,914 observations deleted)

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
        year |      9,515        1889    15.87534       1862       1916
(1,939,140 observations created)
(variable year was float, now double to accommodate using data's values)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       322,024
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                    322,024  (_merge==2)

    Matched                         1,975,050  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(322,024 observations deleted)
(1,379,280 observations deleted)
(label var already defined)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       435,504
        from master                   113,480  (_merge==1)
        from using                    322,024  (_merge==2)

    Matched                           482,290  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(435,504 observations deleted)
(475,457 missing values generated)
(142,145 missing values generated)
(340,145 observations deleted)
(13,152 missing values generated)
(24,360 missing values generated)
(139,841 missing values generated)
(16,037 missing values generated)
(139,186 missing values generated)
(13,910 observations deleted)
(23,934 missing values generated)
(29,122 missing values generated)
(37,443 missing values generated)
(42,148 missing values generated)
(42,359 missing values generated)
(43,311 missing values generated)
(44,668 missing values generated)
(5,912 missing values generated)
(24,360 missing values generated)
(29,688 missing values generated)
(29,904 missing values generated)
(30,981 missing values generated)
(32,455 missing values generated)
(37,443 missing values generated)
(24,360 missing values generated)
(42,148 missing values generated)
(29,688 missing values generated)
C:\Users\ngb815\Dropbox\Coercive_tech\stata\coercive_imbalance\Replication\coercive_imbala
> nce_final
(file temp51.dta not found)
file temp51.dta saved
C:\Users\ngb815\Dropbox\Coercive_tech\stata\coercive_imbalance\Replication
(322,779 observations deleted)

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
        year |      8,650      1911.5     14.4317       1887       1936
(1,759,590 observations created)
(variable year was float, now double to accommodate using data's values)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       322,879
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                    322,879  (_merge==2)

    Matched                         1,795,500  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(322,879 observations deleted)
(1,177,890 observations deleted)
(label var already defined)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       440,519
        from master                   117,640  (_merge==1)
        from using                    322,879  (_merge==2)

    Matched                           499,970  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(440,519 observations deleted)
(491,727 missing values generated)
(153,407 missing values generated)
(346,563 observations deleted)
(9,744 missing values generated)
(21,321 missing values generated)
(150,749 missing values generated)
(23,263 missing values generated)
(149,644 missing values generated)
(14,455 observations deleted)
(16,697 missing values generated)
(22,060 missing values generated)
(28,686 missing values generated)
(33,800 missing values generated)
(34,065 missing values generated)
(35,332 missing values generated)
(37,024 missing values generated)
(5,906 missing values generated)
(21,321 missing values generated)
(26,740 missing values generated)
(27,005 missing values generated)
(28,345 missing values generated)
(30,103 missing values generated)
(28,686 missing values generated)
(21,321 missing values generated)
(33,800 missing values generated)
(26,740 missing values generated)
C:\Users\ngb815\Dropbox\Coercive_tech\stata\coercive_imbalance\Replication\coercive_imbala
> nce_final
(file temp52.dta not found)
file temp52.dta saved
C:\Users\ngb815\Dropbox\Coercive_tech\stata\coercive_imbalance\Replication
(321,744 observations deleted)

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
        year |      9,685    1993.491    16.15932       1966       2021
(1,975,050 observations created)
(variable year was float, now double to accommodate using data's values)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       322,486
        from master                       630  (_merge==1)
        from using                    321,856  (_merge==2)

    Matched                         2,010,330  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(322,486 observations deleted)
(556,920 observations deleted)
(label var already defined)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       600,574
        from master                   276,840  (_merge==1)
        from using                    323,734  (_merge==2)

    Matched                         1,176,570  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(600,574 observations deleted)
(1,176,570 missing values generated)
(1,176,570 missing values generated)
(0 observations deleted)
(108,362 missing values generated)
(278,711 missing values generated)
(1,154,980 missing values generated)
(205,020 missing values generated)
(1,147,500 missing values generated)
(34,404 observations deleted)
(100,802 missing values generated)
(123,859 missing values generated)
(272,252 missing values generated)
(293,060 missing values generated)
(294,990 missing values generated)
(299,368 missing values generated)
(306,687 missing values generated)
(24,517 missing values generated)
(272,252 missing values generated)
(293,060 missing values generated)
(294,990 missing values generated)
(299,368 missing values generated)
(306,687 missing values generated)
(272,252 missing values generated)
(272,252 missing values generated)
(293,060 missing values generated)
(293,060 missing values generated)
C:\Users\ngb815\Dropbox\Coercive_tech\stata\coercive_imbalance\Replication\coercive_imbala
> nce_final
(file temp61.dta not found)
file temp61.dta saved
C:\Users\ngb815\Dropbox\Coercive_tech\stata\coercive_imbalance\Replication
(325,031 observations deleted)

    Variable |        Obs        Mean    Std. dev.       Min        Max
-------------+---------------------------------------------------------
        year |      6,398    2002.992     10.6733       1985       2021
(1,292,760 observations created)
(variable year was float, now double to accommodate using data's values)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       325,735
        from master                       630  (_merge==1)
        from using                    325,105  (_merge==2)

    Matched                         1,328,040  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(325,735 observations deleted)
(428,400 observations deleted)
(label var already defined)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       498,343
        from master                   171,360  (_merge==1)
        from using                    326,983  (_merge==2)

    Matched                           728,280  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(498,343 observations deleted)
(728,280 missing values generated)
(728,280 missing values generated)
(0 observations deleted)
(24,342 missing values generated)
(94,504 missing values generated)
(703,290 missing values generated)
(78,540 missing values generated)
(699,210 missing values generated)
(21,295 observations deleted)
(22,872 missing values generated)
(37,683 missing values generated)
(90,682 missing values generated)
(104,391 missing values generated)
(105,830 missing values generated)
(108,860 missing values generated)
(114,134 missing values generated)
(15,122 missing values generated)
(90,682 missing values generated)
(104,391 missing values generated)
(105,830 missing values generated)
(108,860 missing values generated)
(114,134 missing values generated)
(90,682 missing values generated)
(90,682 missing values generated)
(104,391 missing values generated)
(104,391 missing values generated)
C:\Users\ngb815\Dropbox\Coercive_tech\stata\coercive_imbalance\Replication\coercive_imbala
> nce_final
(file temp62.dta not found)
file temp62.dta saved
C:\Users\ngb815\Dropbox\Coercive_tech\stata\coercive_imbalance\Replication

. 
. 
. *Append
. clear

. use "coercive_imbalance_final/temp11.dta"

. 
. drop if year!=9999
(3,304 observations deleted)

. 
. cd coercive_imbalance_final
C:\Users\ngb815\Dropbox\Coercive_tech\stata\coercive_imbalance\Replication\coercive_imbala
> nce_final

. *foreach x of local techs {
. foreach x of numlist 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 21 22 23 24 25 31 32 33 34 35 36 41 42 4
> 3 44 45 51 52 61 62 {
  2. append using temp`x'.dta
  3. erase temp`x'.dta
  4. }

. cd ..
C:\Users\ngb815\Dropbox\Coercive_tech\stata\coercive_imbalance\Replication

. 
. 
. save "coercive_imbalance_final/temp.dta", replace
file coercive_imbalance_final/temp.dta saved

. 
. //Merge use data
. clear

. use "coercive_imbalance_final/ci_main_jop.dta"

. drop if independent!="yes"
(35,608 observations deleted)

. keep country year iso3 region2 ccode *_use

. 
. 
. 
. //Reshape
. rename *_use use*

. rename uses* use1*

. rename usea* use2*

. rename user* use3*

. rename uset* use4*

. rename usem* use5*

. rename useh* use6*

. 
. reshape long use, i(country year iso3 region2 ) j(tech)
(j = 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 21 22 23 24 25 31 32 33 34 35 36 41 42 43 44 45 51 52 61 6
> 2)

Data                               Wide   ->   Long
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Number of observations           71,839   ->   2,083,331   
Number of variables                  34   ->   7           
j variable (29 values)                    ->   tech
xij variables:
                  use11 use12 ... use62   ->   use
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. 
. merge 1:1 iso3 tech year using "coercive_imbalance_final/temp.dta"
(variable country was str42, now str132 to accommodate using data's values)
(variable tech was byte, now float to accommodate using data's values)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                     1,924,892
        from master                 1,924,892  (_merge==1)
        from using                          0  (_merge==2)

    Matched                           158,439  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge==2
(0 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. save "coercive_imbalance_final/temp.dta", replace
file coercive_imbalance_final/temp.dta saved

. 
. *Generate final IVs
. clear

. use "coercive_imbalance_final/temp.dta"

. set matsize 1000
set matsize ignored.
    Matrix sizes are no longer limited by c(matsize) in modern Statas.  Matrix sizes are
    now limited by edition of Stata.  See limits for more details.

. 
. gen iv_n1=distweight_use1_bali/distweight_obs1_bali
(1,924,892 missing values generated)

. gen iv_n2=distweight_use2_bali/distweight_obs2_bali
(1,924,892 missing values generated)

. gen iv_n1_pop=distweight_usepop1_bali/distweight_obspop1_bali
(1,924,892 missing values generated)

. gen iv_n2_pop=distweight_usepop2_bali/distweight_obspop2_bali
(1,924,892 missing values generated)

. gen iv_n2_500=distweight_use3_bali/distweight_obs3_bali
(1,924,892 missing values generated)

. gen iv_n2_750=distweight_use4_bali/distweight_obs4_bali
(1,924,892 missing values generated)

. gen iv_n2_1000=distweight_use5_bali/distweight_obs5_bali
(1,924,892 missing values generated)

. 
. 
. *Fill out missing observations before invention year and after year where all countries 
> have adopted
. gen temp=year if use==1
(1,777,698 missing values generated)

. egen firstobs=min(temp), by(tech)

. drop temp

. gen temp=year if use==0
(377,523 missing values generated)

. egen lastobs=max(temp), by(tech)

. 
. foreach x in iv_n1_pop iv_n2_pop iv_n1 iv_n2 iv_n2_500 iv_n2_750 iv_n2_1000 {
  2. replace `x'=0 if year<firstobs
  3. replace `x'=1 if year>lastobs
  4. }
(1,576,716 real changes made)
(172,352 real changes made)
(1,576,716 real changes made)
(172,322 real changes made)
(1,576,716 real changes made)
(172,352 real changes made)
(1,576,716 real changes made)
(172,322 real changes made)
(1,576,716 real changes made)
(172,322 real changes made)
(1,576,716 real changes made)
(172,316 real changes made)
(1,576,716 real changes made)
(172,316 real changes made)

. 
. drop temp firstobs lastobs

. 
. *Reshape 
. keep country iso3 tech iv_* year 

. reshape wide iv_* , i(country iso3 year) j(tech)
(j = 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 21 22 23 24 25 31 32 33 34 35 36 41 42 43 44 45 51 52 61 6
> 2)

Data                               Long   ->   Wide
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Number of observations        2,083,331   ->   71,839      
Number of variables                  11   ->   206         
j variable (29 values)             tech   ->   (dropped)
xij variables:
                                  iv_n1   ->   iv_n111 iv_n112 ... iv_n162
                                  iv_n2   ->   iv_n211 iv_n212 ... iv_n262
                              iv_n1_pop   ->   iv_n1_pop11 iv_n1_pop12 ... iv_n1_pop62
                              iv_n2_pop   ->   iv_n2_pop11 iv_n2_pop12 ... iv_n2_pop62
                              iv_n2_500   ->   iv_n2_50011 iv_n2_50012 ... iv_n2_50062
                              iv_n2_750   ->   iv_n2_75011 iv_n2_75012 ... iv_n2_75062
                             iv_n2_1000   ->   iv_n2_100011 iv_n2_100012 ... iv_n2_100062
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

. foreach x in iv_n1_pop iv_n2_pop iv_n1 iv_n2 iv_n2_500 iv_n2_750 iv_n2_1000 {
  2. rename `x'1* s*_`x'
  3. rename `x'2* a*_`x'
  4. rename `x'3* r*_`x'
  5. rename `x'4* t*_`x'
  6. rename `x'5* m*_`x'
  7. rename `x'6* h*_`x'
  8. }

. 
. *Generate IV version of various permutations of the military technology index
. local categories "s a r t m h"

. local stechs "1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9"

. local atechs "1 2 3 4 5"

. local rtechs "1 2 3 4 5 6"

. local ttechs "1 2 3 4 5"

. local mtechs "1 2"

. local htechs "1 2"

. 
. foreach z in iv_n1_pop iv_n2_pop iv_n1 iv_n2 iv_n2_500 iv_n2_750 iv_n2_1000 {
  2. gen mtech_`z'=0
  3. foreach x of local categories {
  4. gen mtech_`x'_`z'=0
  5. foreach y of local `x'techs {
  6. replace mtech_`z'=mtech_`z'+`x'`y'_`z'
  7. replace mtech_`x'_`z'=mtech_`x'_`z'+`x'`y'_`z'
  8. }
  9. }
 10. gen mtech_exf_`z'=mtech_a_`z'+mtech_r_`z'+mtech_t_`z'+mtech_m_`z'+mtech_h_`z'
 11. 
. }
(67,288 real changes made, 51,407 to missing)
(67,288 real changes made, 51,407 to missing)
(15,881 real changes made)
(15,881 real changes made)
(15,881 real changes made)
(15,881 real changes made)
(15,602 real changes made)
(15,602 real changes made)
(14,754 real changes made, 163 to missing)
(14,754 real changes made, 163 to missing)
(14,013 real changes made)
(14,013 real changes made)
(14,011 real changes made, 185 to missing)
(14,011 real changes made, 185 to missing)
(12,790 real changes made, 56 to missing)
(12,790 real changes made, 56 to missing)
(8,946 real changes made, 208 to missing)
(8,946 real changes made, 208 to missing)
(15,269 real changes made, 30 to missing)
(56,768 real changes made, 41,321 to missing)
(13,763 real changes made)
(13,971 real changes made)
(13,848 real changes made)
(14,056 real changes made)
(13,099 real changes made)
(13,307 real changes made)
(11,574 real changes made, 138 to missing)
(11,782 real changes made, 138 to missing)
(10,811 real changes made, 20 to missing)
(11,149 real changes made, 358 to missing)
(9,414 real changes made)
(9,414 real changes made)
(8,728 real changes made)
(8,728 real changes made)
(8,197 real changes made)
(8,197 real changes made)
(7,782 real changes made)
(7,782 real changes made)
(6,005 real changes made)
(6,005 real changes made)
(10,618 real changes made)
(10,943 real changes made, 325 to missing)
(9,002 real changes made)
(9,002 real changes made)
(8,432 real changes made)
(8,432 real changes made)
(7,042 real changes made)
(7,042 real changes made)
(4,865 real changes made)
(4,865 real changes made)
(13,461 real changes made)
(15,751 real changes made, 1,924 to missing)
(12,185 real changes made)
(12,551 real changes made, 122 to missing)
(6,005 real changes made)
(6,110 real changes made, 105 to missing)
(3,546 real changes made)
(3,546 real changes made)
(41,687 missing values generated)
(67,288 real changes made, 51,407 to missing)
(67,288 real changes made, 51,407 to missing)
(15,881 real changes made)
(15,881 real changes made)
(15,881 real changes made)
(15,881 real changes made)
(15,596 real changes made)
(15,596 real changes made)
(14,751 real changes made, 163 to missing)
(14,751 real changes made, 163 to missing)
(14,009 real changes made)
(14,009 real changes made)
(13,991 real changes made, 185 to missing)
(13,991 real changes made, 185 to missing)
(12,787 real changes made, 56 to missing)
(12,787 real changes made, 56 to missing)
(8,938 real changes made, 208 to missing)
(8,938 real changes made, 208 to missing)
(15,269 real changes made, 30 to missing)
(56,768 real changes made, 41,321 to missing)
(13,763 real changes made)
(13,971 real changes made)
(13,833 real changes made)
(14,041 real changes made)
(13,099 real changes made)
(13,307 real changes made)
(11,574 real changes made, 138 to missing)
(11,782 real changes made, 138 to missing)
(10,811 real changes made, 20 to missing)
(11,149 real changes made, 358 to missing)
(9,410 real changes made)
(9,410 real changes made)
(8,728 real changes made)
(8,728 real changes made)
(8,187 real changes made)
(8,187 real changes made)
(7,778 real changes made)
(7,778 real changes made)
(6,000 real changes made)
(6,000 real changes made)
(10,614 real changes made)
(10,939 real changes made, 325 to missing)
(9,002 real changes made)
(9,002 real changes made)
(8,432 real changes made)
(8,432 real changes made)
(7,036 real changes made)
(7,036 real changes made)
(4,862 real changes made)
(4,862 real changes made)
(13,437 real changes made)
(15,727 real changes made, 1,924 to missing)
(12,184 real changes made)
(12,550 real changes made, 122 to missing)
(6,002 real changes made)
(6,107 real changes made, 105 to missing)
(3,530 real changes made)
(3,530 real changes made)
(41,687 missing values generated)
(67,288 real changes made, 51,407 to missing)
(67,288 real changes made, 51,407 to missing)
(15,881 real changes made)
(15,881 real changes made)
(15,881 real changes made)
(15,881 real changes made)
(15,602 real changes made)
(15,602 real changes made)
(14,754 real changes made, 163 to missing)
(14,754 real changes made, 163 to missing)
(14,013 real changes made)
(14,013 real changes made)
(14,011 real changes made, 185 to missing)
(14,011 real changes made, 185 to missing)
(12,790 real changes made, 56 to missing)
(12,790 real changes made, 56 to missing)
(8,946 real changes made, 208 to missing)
(8,946 real changes made, 208 to missing)
(15,269 real changes made, 30 to missing)
(56,768 real changes made, 41,321 to missing)
(13,763 real changes made)
(13,971 real changes made)
(13,848 real changes made)
(14,056 real changes made)
(13,099 real changes made)
(13,307 real changes made)
(11,574 real changes made, 138 to missing)
(11,782 real changes made, 138 to missing)
(10,811 real changes made, 20 to missing)
(11,149 real changes made, 358 to missing)
(9,414 real changes made)
(9,414 real changes made)
(8,728 real changes made)
(8,728 real changes made)
(8,197 real changes made)
(8,197 real changes made)
(7,782 real changes made)
(7,782 real changes made)
(6,005 real changes made)
(6,005 real changes made)
(10,618 real changes made)
(10,943 real changes made, 325 to missing)
(9,002 real changes made)
(9,002 real changes made)
(8,432 real changes made)
(8,432 real changes made)
(7,042 real changes made)
(7,042 real changes made)
(4,865 real changes made)
(4,865 real changes made)
(13,461 real changes made)
(15,751 real changes made, 1,924 to missing)
(12,185 real changes made)
(12,551 real changes made, 122 to missing)
(6,005 real changes made)
(6,110 real changes made, 105 to missing)
(3,546 real changes made)
(3,546 real changes made)
(41,687 missing values generated)
(67,288 real changes made, 51,407 to missing)
(67,288 real changes made, 51,407 to missing)
(15,881 real changes made)
(15,881 real changes made)
(15,881 real changes made)
(15,881 real changes made)
(15,596 real changes made)
(15,596 real changes made)
(14,751 real changes made, 163 to missing)
(14,751 real changes made, 163 to missing)
(14,009 real changes made)
(14,009 real changes made)
(13,991 real changes made, 185 to missing)
(13,991 real changes made, 185 to missing)
(12,787 real changes made, 56 to missing)
(12,787 real changes made, 56 to missing)
(8,938 real changes made, 208 to missing)
(8,938 real changes made, 208 to missing)
(15,269 real changes made, 30 to missing)
(56,768 real changes made, 41,321 to missing)
(13,763 real changes made)
(13,971 real changes made)
(13,833 real changes made)
(14,041 real changes made)
(13,099 real changes made)
(13,307 real changes made)
(11,574 real changes made, 138 to missing)
(11,782 real changes made, 138 to missing)
(10,811 real changes made, 20 to missing)
(11,149 real changes made, 358 to missing)
(9,410 real changes made)
(9,410 real changes made)
(8,728 real changes made)
(8,728 real changes made)
(8,187 real changes made)
(8,187 real changes made)
(7,778 real changes made)
(7,778 real changes made)
(6,000 real changes made)
(6,000 real changes made)
(10,614 real changes made)
(10,939 real changes made, 325 to missing)
(9,002 real changes made)
(9,002 real changes made)
(8,432 real changes made)
(8,432 real changes made)
(7,036 real changes made)
(7,036 real changes made)
(4,862 real changes made)
(4,862 real changes made)
(13,437 real changes made)
(15,727 real changes made, 1,924 to missing)
(12,184 real changes made)
(12,550 real changes made, 122 to missing)
(6,002 real changes made)
(6,107 real changes made, 105 to missing)
(3,530 real changes made)
(3,530 real changes made)
(41,687 missing values generated)
(67,288 real changes made, 51,407 to missing)
(67,288 real changes made, 51,407 to missing)
(15,881 real changes made)
(15,881 real changes made)
(15,881 real changes made)
(15,881 real changes made)
(15,596 real changes made)
(15,596 real changes made)
(14,751 real changes made, 163 to missing)
(14,751 real changes made, 163 to missing)
(14,009 real changes made)
(14,009 real changes made)
(13,991 real changes made, 185 to missing)
(13,991 real changes made, 185 to missing)
(12,787 real changes made, 56 to missing)
(12,787 real changes made, 56 to missing)
(8,922 real changes made, 208 to missing)
(8,922 real changes made, 208 to missing)
(15,269 real changes made, 30 to missing)
(56,768 real changes made, 41,321 to missing)
(13,763 real changes made)
(13,971 real changes made)
(13,828 real changes made)
(14,036 real changes made)
(13,099 real changes made)
(13,307 real changes made)
(11,574 real changes made, 138 to missing)
(11,782 real changes made, 138 to missing)
(10,811 real changes made, 20 to missing)
(11,149 real changes made, 358 to missing)
(9,410 real changes made)
(9,410 real changes made)
(8,728 real changes made)
(8,728 real changes made)
(8,187 real changes made)
(8,187 real changes made)
(7,778 real changes made)
(7,778 real changes made)
(5,999 real changes made)
(5,999 real changes made)
(10,614 real changes made)
(10,939 real changes made, 325 to missing)
(9,002 real changes made)
(9,002 real changes made)
(8,432 real changes made)
(8,432 real changes made)
(7,036 real changes made)
(7,036 real changes made)
(4,856 real changes made)
(4,856 real changes made)
(13,430 real changes made)
(15,720 real changes made, 1,924 to missing)
(12,184 real changes made)
(12,550 real changes made, 122 to missing)
(6,002 real changes made)
(6,107 real changes made, 105 to missing)
(3,527 real changes made)
(3,527 real changes made)
(41,687 missing values generated)
(67,288 real changes made, 51,407 to missing)
(67,288 real changes made, 51,407 to missing)
(15,881 real changes made)
(15,881 real changes made)
(15,881 real changes made)
(15,881 real changes made)
(15,596 real changes made)
(15,596 real changes made)
(14,751 real changes made, 163 to missing)
(14,751 real changes made, 163 to missing)
(14,009 real changes made)
(14,009 real changes made)
(13,991 real changes made, 185 to missing)
(13,991 real changes made, 185 to missing)
(12,786 real changes made, 56 to missing)
(12,786 real changes made, 56 to missing)
(8,914 real changes made, 208 to missing)
(8,914 real changes made, 208 to missing)
(15,269 real changes made, 30 to missing)
(56,768 real changes made, 41,321 to missing)
(13,763 real changes made)
(13,971 real changes made)
(13,802 real changes made)
(14,010 real changes made)
(13,099 real changes made)
(13,307 real changes made)
(11,574 real changes made, 138 to missing)
(11,782 real changes made, 138 to missing)
(10,811 real changes made, 20 to missing)
(11,149 real changes made, 358 to missing)
(9,410 real changes made)
(9,410 real changes made)
(8,728 real changes made)
(8,728 real changes made)
(8,187 real changes made)
(8,187 real changes made)
(7,778 real changes made)
(7,778 real changes made)
(5,999 real changes made)
(5,999 real changes made)
(10,613 real changes made)
(10,938 real changes made, 325 to missing)
(9,002 real changes made)
(9,002 real changes made)
(8,432 real changes made)
(8,432 real changes made)
(7,036 real changes made)
(7,036 real changes made)
(4,847 real changes made)
(4,847 real changes made)
(13,416 real changes made)
(15,706 real changes made, 1,924 to missing)
(12,184 real changes made)
(12,550 real changes made, 122 to missing)
(6,002 real changes made)
(6,107 real changes made, 105 to missing)
(3,527 real changes made)
(3,527 real changes made)
(41,687 missing values generated)
(67,288 real changes made, 51,407 to missing)
(67,288 real changes made, 51,407 to missing)
(15,881 real changes made)
(15,881 real changes made)
(15,881 real changes made)
(15,881 real changes made)
(15,596 real changes made)
(15,596 real changes made)
(14,751 real changes made, 163 to missing)
(14,751 real changes made, 163 to missing)
(14,008 real changes made)
(14,008 real changes made)
(13,991 real changes made, 185 to missing)
(13,991 real changes made, 185 to missing)
(12,777 real changes made, 56 to missing)
(12,777 real changes made, 56 to missing)
(8,882 real changes made, 208 to missing)
(8,882 real changes made, 208 to missing)
(15,269 real changes made, 30 to missing)
(56,768 real changes made, 41,321 to missing)
(13,763 real changes made)
(13,971 real changes made)
(13,789 real changes made)
(13,997 real changes made)
(13,099 real changes made)
(13,307 real changes made)
(11,574 real changes made, 138 to missing)
(11,782 real changes made, 138 to missing)
(10,811 real changes made, 20 to missing)
(11,149 real changes made, 358 to missing)
(9,410 real changes made)
(9,410 real changes made)
(8,728 real changes made)
(8,728 real changes made)
(8,187 real changes made)
(8,187 real changes made)
(7,778 real changes made)
(7,778 real changes made)
(5,997 real changes made)
(5,997 real changes made)
(10,609 real changes made)
(10,934 real changes made, 325 to missing)
(9,002 real changes made)
(9,002 real changes made)
(8,432 real changes made)
(8,432 real changes made)
(7,036 real changes made)
(7,036 real changes made)
(4,832 real changes made)
(4,832 real changes made)
(13,409 real changes made)
(15,699 real changes made, 1,924 to missing)
(12,181 real changes made)
(12,547 real changes made, 122 to missing)
(6,001 real changes made)
(6,106 real changes made, 105 to missing)
(3,521 real changes made)
(3,521 real changes made)
(41,687 missing values generated)

. 
. keep country year iso3 mtech_iv_n2_pop mtech_iv_n1 mtech_iv_n2 mtech_exf_iv_n2 mtech_iv_
> n2_500 mtech_iv_n2_750 mtech_iv_n2_1000  mtech_exf_* m2_iv_n2 r3_iv_n2

. 
. 
. 
. save "coercive_imbalance_final/instruments_jop.dta", replace
(file coercive_imbalance_final/instruments_jop.dta not found)
file coercive_imbalance_final/instruments_jop.dta saved

. erase "coercive_imbalance_final/temp.dta"

. 
. 
. *###############################################################################
. *       4 CONSTRUCT CONTROLS FOR SPATIAL SPILL_OVERS
. *###############################################################################
. 
. *This bit of code construct variables in neighboring countries as well as distance-weigh
> ted control variables
. 
. clear

. use "coercive_imbalance_final\neighbours_jop.dta"

. 
. local dummies "interstatewar democracy civilwar ally_USA ally_Russia " 

. local cvars "gdp trade aid pop_hyde mtech index_irt_exsa"

. 
. local allvars `dummies' `cvars'

. 
. expand 196
(7,002,450 observations created)

. egen year=seq(), by(iso3 iso3_dyad)

. replace year=year+1819
(7,038,360 real changes made)

. 
. merge m:1 iso3 year using "coercive_imbalance_final/ci_main_jop.dta", keepusing(democrac
> y region3)
(variable year was int, now double to accommodate using data's values)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                        73,931
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                     73,931  (_merge==2)

    Matched                         7,038,360  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge!=3
(73,931 observations deleted)

. drop if democracy==.
(3,680,880 observations deleted)

. keep iso3 iso3_dyad neighbour_type distw year region3 country

. 
. rename iso3 iso3_main

. rename iso3_dyad iso3

. rename region3 region3_main

. 
. merge m:1 iso3 year using "coercive_imbalance_final/ci_main_jop.dta", keepusing(`allvars
> ' independent region3)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       713,451
        from master                   639,520  (_merge==1)
        from using                     73,931  (_merge==2)

    Matched                         2,717,960  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge!=3
(713,451 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. drop if independent!="yes"
(909,966 observations deleted)

. 
. rename iso3 iso3_neighbour

. rename iso3_main iso3

. 
. gen majorpower=1 if country=="United Kingdom" | country=="France" | country=="Germany" |
>  country=="United States" | country=="Russian Federation"
(1,712,223 missing values generated)

. 
. 
. foreach x of local allvars {
  2. gen n1_`x'=`x' if neighbour_type==1
  3. gen n2_`x'=`x' if neighbour_type==2
  4. }
(1,766,078 missing values generated)
(1,726,433 missing values generated)
(1,762,755 missing values generated)
(1,720,549 missing values generated)
(1,759,288 missing values generated)
(1,713,270 missing values generated)
(1,759,288 missing values generated)
(1,713,270 missing values generated)
(1,759,288 missing values generated)
(1,713,270 missing values generated)
(1,765,589 missing values generated)
(1,725,545 missing values generated)
(1,769,316 missing values generated)
(1,732,699 missing values generated)
(1,786,333 missing values generated)
(1,763,562 missing values generated)
(1,759,288 missing values generated)
(1,713,270 missing values generated)
(1,766,690 missing values generated)
(1,726,524 missing values generated)
(1,762,058 missing values generated)
(1,717,859 missing values generated)

. 
. 
. *Generate # of neighbors
. gen n1number=1 if neighbour_type==1
(1,759,288 missing values generated)

. gen n2number=1 if neighbour_type==2
(1,713,270 missing values generated)

. 
. *gen distances excluding neighbors
. gen distw2=distw if neighbour_type!=1
(48,706 missing values generated)

. 
. *Generate distance-weighted variables
. foreach x of local allvars {
  2. gen distw1_`x'=`x'/distw if majorpower!=1
  3. gen distw1_`x'_obs=1/distw if `x'!=. & majorpower!=1
  4. gen distw2_`x'=`x'/distw2 if majorpower!=1
  5. gen distw2_`x'_obs=1/distw2 if `x'!=. & majorpower!=1
  6. 
. 
. }
(401,823 missing values generated)
(401,823 missing values generated)
(439,787 missing values generated)
(439,787 missing values generated)
(307,076 missing values generated)
(307,076 missing values generated)
(348,059 missing values generated)
(348,059 missing values generated)
(95,771 missing values generated)
(95,771 missing values generated)
(139,793 missing values generated)
(139,793 missing values generated)
(95,771 missing values generated)
(95,771 missing values generated)
(139,793 missing values generated)
(139,793 missing values generated)
(95,771 missing values generated)
(95,771 missing values generated)
(139,793 missing values generated)
(139,793 missing values generated)
(417,807 missing values generated)
(417,807 missing values generated)
(456,013 missing values generated)
(456,013 missing values generated)
(485,786 missing values generated)
(485,786 missing values generated)
(521,168 missing values generated)
(521,168 missing values generated)
(934,672 missing values generated)
(934,672 missing values generated)
(955,996 missing values generated)
(955,996 missing values generated)
(95,771 missing values generated)
(95,771 missing values generated)
(139,793 missing values generated)
(139,793 missing values generated)
(385,536 missing values generated)
(385,536 missing values generated)
(423,008 missing values generated)
(423,008 missing values generated)
(172,758 missing values generated)
(172,758 missing values generated)
(214,538 missing values generated)
(214,538 missing values generated)

. 
. 
. *Collapse dyadic data
. keep *dist* n1* n2* iso3 year 

. collapse (sum) *dist* n1* n2* , by(iso3 year)

. 
. *Generate averages
. gen n1_democracy_avg= n1_democracy/n1number if n1number!=0
(1,146 missing values generated)

. gen n2_democracy_avg= n2_democracy/n2number if n2number!=0
(1,303 missing values generated)

. replace n1_democracy_avg=0 if n1number==0 & n1_democracy!=.
(1,146 real changes made)

. replace n2_democracy_avg=0 if n2number==0 & n2_democracy!=.
(1,303 real changes made)

. 
. 
. *Create dummies from sums
. foreach x of local dummies {
  2. replace n1_`x'=0 if n1_`x'==.
  3. replace n2_`x'=0 if n2_`x'==.
  4. replace n1_`x'=1 if n1_`x'>1 
  5. replace n2_`x'=1 if n2_`x'>1 
  6. 
. }
(0 real changes made)
(0 real changes made)
(484 real changes made)
(936 real changes made)
(0 real changes made)
(0 real changes made)
(3,263 real changes made)
(5,586 real changes made)
(0 real changes made)
(0 real changes made)
(569 real changes made)
(1,517 real changes made)
(0 real changes made)
(0 real changes made)
(2,248 real changes made)
(3,738 real changes made)
(0 real changes made)
(0 real changes made)
(904 real changes made)
(2,289 real changes made)

. 
. *Generate log variables
. foreach x of local cvars {
  2. gen n1_ln`x'=ln(n1_`x') 
  3. gen n2_ln`x'=ln(n2_`x')
  4. gen distw1_ln`x'=ln(distw1_`x')
  5. gen distw2_ln`x'=ln(distw2_`x')
  6. }
(2,015 missing values generated)
(1,475 missing values generated)
(911 missing values generated)
(911 missing values generated)
(3,389 missing values generated)
(3,333 missing values generated)
(2,619 missing values generated)
(2,619 missing values generated)
(9,235 missing values generated)
(8,770 missing values generated)
(7,754 missing values generated)
(7,754 missing values generated)
(1,146 missing values generated)
(1,303 missing values generated)
(911 missing values generated)
(911 missing values generated)
(2,082 missing values generated)
(1,863 missing values generated)
(911 missing values generated)
(911 missing values generated)
(5,362 missing values generated)
(5,545 missing values generated)
(5,019 missing values generated)
(5,040 missing values generated)

.  
. 
. *Rescale weighted vars
. foreach x of local allvars {
  2. replace distw1_`x'=distw1_`x'/distw1_`x'_obs
  3. replace distw2_`x'=distw2_`x'/distw2_`x'_obs
  4. }
(10,715 real changes made, 911 to missing)
(10,585 real changes made, 911 to missing)
(15,138 real changes made, 911 to missing)
(15,112 real changes made, 911 to missing)
(14,804 real changes made, 911 to missing)
(14,757 real changes made, 911 to missing)
(15,138 real changes made, 911 to missing)
(14,983 real changes made, 911 to missing)
(15,138 real changes made, 911 to missing)
(14,944 real changes made, 911 to missing)
(15,138 real changes made, 911 to missing)
(15,138 real changes made, 911 to missing)
(15,138 real changes made, 2,619 to missing)
(15,138 real changes made, 2,619 to missing)
(15,138 real changes made, 7,754 to missing)
(15,138 real changes made, 7,754 to missing)
(15,138 real changes made, 911 to missing)
(15,138 real changes made, 911 to missing)
(15,138 real changes made, 911 to missing)
(15,138 real changes made, 911 to missing)
(15,138 real changes made, 1,617 to missing)
(15,138 real changes made, 1,617 to missing)

. 
. drop *_obs n1number n2number  *hyde* *lnmtech

. 
. save "coercive_imbalance_final/diffusioncontrols_jop.dta", replace
(file coercive_imbalance_final/diffusioncontrols_jop.dta not found)
file coercive_imbalance_final/diffusioncontrols_jop.dta saved

. 
. *###############################################################################
. *       5 CONSTRUCT LONG LAGS (FOR FIGURE 1)
. *###############################################################################
. clear

. use "coercive_imbalance_raw\mtech_raw_jop.dta"

. 
. local categories "s a r t m h"

. local stechs "1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9"

. local atechs "1 2 3 4 5"

. local rtechs "1 2 3 4 5 6"

. local ttechs "1 2 3 4 5"

. local mtechs "1 2"

. local htechs "1 2"

. 
. // LOAD DATA
. *mtech
. gen int mtech=0 if independent=="yes"
(34,629 missing values generated)

. foreach x of local categories {
  2. gen mtech_`x'=0 if independent=="yes"
  3. foreach y of local `x'techs {
  4. replace mtech=mtech+`x'`y'_use
  5. replace mtech_`x'=mtech_`x'+`x'`y'_use
  6. }
  7. }
(34,629 missing values generated)
(51,546 real changes made, 16,703 to missing)
(51,546 real changes made, 16,703 to missing)
(29,458 real changes made, 4,724 to missing)
(29,458 real changes made, 4,724 to missing)
(23,968 real changes made, 719 to missing)
(23,968 real changes made, 719 to missing)
(16,231 real changes made, 1,964 to missing)
(16,231 real changes made, 1,964 to missing)
(13,848 real changes made, 173 to missing)
(13,848 real changes made, 173 to missing)
(13,305 real changes made, 30 to missing)
(13,305 real changes made, 30 to missing)
(12,418 real changes made, 205 to missing)
(12,418 real changes made, 205 to missing)
(11,863 real changes made, 80 to missing)
(11,863 real changes made, 80 to missing)
(7,336 real changes made, 173 to missing)
(7,336 real changes made, 173 to missing)
(34,629 missing values generated)
(23,207 real changes made, 2,522 to missing)
(37,491 real changes made, 13,494 to missing)
(12,872 real changes made, 290 to missing)
(13,721 real changes made, 715 to missing)
(12,417 real changes made, 187 to missing)
(12,831 real changes made, 236 to missing)
(12,003 real changes made, 46 to missing)
(12,409 real changes made, 105 to missing)
(10,787 real changes made, 302 to missing)
(11,055 real changes made, 338 to missing)
(34,629 missing values generated)
(7,674 real changes made, 17 to missing)
(7,970 real changes made, 70 to missing)
(6,573 real changes made, 96 to missing)
(6,650 real changes made, 110 to missing)
(5,634 real changes made)
(5,673 real changes made)
(4,945 real changes made)
(4,959 real changes made)
(4,370 real changes made)
(4,380 real changes made)
(1,681 real changes made)
(1,681 real changes made)
(34,629 missing values generated)
(7,071 real changes made, 15 to missing)
(7,357 real changes made, 55 to missing)
(6,115 real changes made, 5 to missing)
(6,219 real changes made, 8 to missing)
(4,365 real changes made)
(4,373 real changes made)
(2,448 real changes made)
(2,449 real changes made)
(631 real changes made)
(631 real changes made)
(34,629 missing values generated)
(11,632 real changes made, 180 to missing)
(13,859 real changes made, 1,410 to missing)
(10,751 real changes made, 92 to missing)
(11,466 real changes made, 162 to missing)
(34,629 missing values generated)
(1,661 real changes made)
(1,661 real changes made)
(197 real changes made)
(197 real changes made)

. gen int mtech_exf=mtech_a+mtech_r+mtech_t+mtech_m+mtech_h if independent=="yes"
(49,942 missing values generated)

. drop mtech_a mtech_r mtech_t mtech_m mtech_h

. 
. drop *_use 

. 
. *population size (urban and total)
. merge 1:1 iso3 year using "coercive_imbalance_raw/hyde_pop.dta", keepusing(pop_hyde)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       105,267
        from master                    98,993  (_merge==1)
        from using                      6,274  (_merge==2)

    Matched                             7,571  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop _merge 

. 
. merge 1:1 iso3 year using "coercive_imbalance_raw/hyde_upop.dta", keepusing(upop_hyde)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                        99,058
        from master                    99,058  (_merge==1)
        from using                          0  (_merge==2)

    Matched                            13,780  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop _merge 

. 
. replace pop_hyde=ln(pop_hyde)
(13,845 real changes made, 155 to missing)

. ipolate pop_hyde year, by(iso3) gen(temp)
(1887 missing values generated)

. replace pop_hyde=exp(temp)
(110,951 real changes made)

. drop temp

. 
. replace upop_hyde=ln(upop_hyde)
(13,780 real changes made, 239 to missing)

. ipolate upop_hyde year, by(iso3) gen(temp)
(2603 missing values generated)

. replace upop_hyde=exp(temp)
(110,235 real changes made)

. drop temp

. 
. gen ups=upop_hyde/pop_hyde
(2,603 missing values generated)

. 
. *agricultural employment share
. rename iso3 iso

. merge 1:1 iso year using "coercive_imbalance_raw/aes.dta", keepusing(aes)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                        29,337
        from master                     6,031  (_merge==1)
        from using                     23,306  (_merge==2)

    Matched                           106,807  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop _merge 

. rename iso iso3

. 
. gen naes=1-aes
(109,047 missing values generated)

. 
. //GDP per capita
. rename iso3 countrycode

. merge 1:1 countrycode year using "coercive_imbalance_raw/maddison_gdp.dta", keepusing(cg
> dppc)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       117,597
        from master                   116,934  (_merge==1)
        from using                        663  (_merge==2)

    Matched                            19,210  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. gen temp=ln(cgdppc)
(119,366 missing values generated)

. ipolate temp year, gen(lngdpc) by(countrycode)
(106223 missing values generated)

. drop _merge temp cgdppc

. rename countrycode iso3

. 
. egen temp=mode(country), by(iso3)
Warning: at least one group contains all missing values or contains multiple modes.
Generating missing values for the mode of these groups.  Use the missing, maxmode,
minmode, or nummode() options to control this behavior.
(8,832 missing values generated)

. replace country=temp
(21,411 real changes made)

. drop temp

. drop if country==""
(8,832 observations deleted)

. 
. egen temp=mode(iso3), by(country)
Warning: at least one group contains all missing values or contains multiple modes.
Generating missing values for the mode of these groups.  Use the missing, maxmode,
minmode, or nummode() options to control this behavior.
(15 missing values generated)

. replace iso3=temp
(0 real changes made)

. drop temp

. drop if iso3==""
(15 observations deleted)

. 
. 
. *education
. gen country_temp=country

. replace country="Bolivia" if country=="Bolivia, Plurinational State of"
(731 real changes made)

. replace country="Congo, D.R." if country=="Congo, the Democratic Republic of the"
(731 real changes made)

. replace country="Cote dIvoire" if country=="Cote D'Ivoire"
(731 real changes made)

. replace country="Dominican Rep." if country=="Dominican Republic"
(731 real changes made)

. replace country="Iran" if country=="Iran, Islamic Republic of"
(732 real changes made)

. replace country="Republic of Korea" if country=="Korea, Republic of"
(731 real changes made)

. replace country="Syria" if country=="Syrian Arab Republic"
(731 real changes made)

. replace country="Taiwan" if country=="Taiwan, Province of China"
(731 real changes made)

. replace country="USA" if country=="United States"
(732 real changes made)

. replace country="Venezuela" if country==" Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of"
(0 real changes made)

. 
. merge 1:1 country year using  "coercive_imbalance_raw/lee_lee_education.dta"

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                       124,915
        from master                   124,828  (_merge==1)
        from using                         87  (_merge==2)

    Matched                             3,132  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge==2
(87 observations deleted)

. drop _merge country

. rename country_temp country

. 
. replace schooling=ln(schooling)
(3,132 real changes made, 4 to missing)

. ipolate schooling year, by(iso3) gen(temp)
(112752 missing values generated)

. replace schooling=exp(temp)
(15,208 real changes made)

. drop temp

. 
. 
. tab iso3, missing

                                   iso3 |      Freq.     Percent        Cum.
----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------
                                    AFG |        731        0.57        0.57
                                    AGO |        731        0.57        1.14
                                    ALB |        732        0.57        1.71
                                    ARE |        731        0.57        2.29
                                    ARG |        731        0.57        2.86
                                    ARM |        731        0.57        3.43
                                    AUS |        732        0.57        4.00
                                    AUT |        732        0.57        4.57
                                    AZE |        731        0.57        5.14
                                    BDI |        731        0.57        5.72
                                    BEL |        732        0.57        6.29
                                    BEN |        731        0.57        6.86
                                    BFA |        731        0.57        7.43
                                    BGD |        731        0.57        8.00
                                    BGR |        732        0.57        8.57
                                    BHR |        731        0.57        9.14
                                    BHS |        731        0.57        9.72
                                    BIH |        731        0.57       10.29
                                    BLR |        731        0.57       10.86
                                    BLZ |        731        0.57       11.43
                                    BOL |        731        0.57       12.00
                                    BRA |        731        0.57       12.57
                                    BRB |        731        0.57       13.14
                                    BRN |        731        0.57       13.71
                                    BTN |        731        0.57       14.29
                                    BWA |        731        0.57       14.86
                                    CAF |        731        0.57       15.43
                                    CAN |        732        0.57       16.00
                                    CHE |        732        0.57       16.57
                                    CHL |        731        0.57       17.14
                                    CHN |        732        0.57       17.72
                                    CIV |        731        0.57       18.29
                                    CMR |        731        0.57       18.86
                                    COD |        731        0.57       19.43
                                    COG |        731        0.57       20.00
                                    COL |        731        0.57       20.57
                                    COM |        731        0.57       21.14
                                    CPV |        731        0.57       21.71
                                    CRI |        731        0.57       22.29
                                    CUB |        731        0.57       22.86
                                    CYP |        731        0.57       23.43
                                    CZE |        731        0.57       24.00
                                    DEU |        732        0.57       24.57
                                    DJI |        731        0.57       25.14
                                    DNK |        732        0.57       25.72
                                    DOM |        731        0.57       26.29
                                    DZA |        732        0.57       26.86
                                    ECU |        731        0.57       27.43
                                    EGY |        735        0.57       28.00
                                    ERI |        731        0.57       28.58
                                    ESP |        732        0.57       29.15
                                    EST |        731        0.57       29.72
                                    ETH |        732        0.57       30.29
                                    FIN |        732        0.57       30.86
                                    FJI |        731        0.57       31.43
                                    FRA |        752        0.59       32.02
                                    GAB |        731        0.57       32.59
                                    GBR |        733        0.57       33.17
                                    GEO |        731        0.57       33.74
                                    GHA |        731        0.57       34.31
                                    GIN |        731        0.57       34.88
                                    GMB |        731        0.57       35.45
                                    GNB |        731        0.57       36.02
                                    GNQ |        731        0.57       36.59
                                    GRC |        732        0.57       37.17
                                    GTM |        731        0.57       37.74
                                    GUY |        731        0.57       38.31
                                    HND |        731        0.57       38.88
                                    HRV |        731        0.57       39.45
                                    HTI |        731        0.57       40.02
                                    HUN |        732        0.57       40.59
                                    IDN |        732        0.57       41.17
                                    IND |        732        0.57       41.74
                                    IRL |        731        0.57       42.31
                                    IRN |        732        0.57       42.88
                                    IRQ |        734        0.57       43.45
                                    ISL |        731        0.57       44.03
                                    ISR |        732        0.57       44.60
                                    ITA |        732        0.57       45.17
                                    JAM |        731        0.57       45.74
                                    JOR |        732        0.57       46.31
                                    JPN |        735        0.57       46.89
                                    KAZ |        731        0.57       47.46
                                    KEN |        731        0.57       48.03
                                    KGZ |        731        0.57       48.60
                                    KHM |        731        0.57       49.17
                                    KOR |        731        0.57       49.74
                                    KOS |        711        0.56       50.30
                                    KWT |        731        0.57       50.87
                                    LAO |        731        0.57       51.44
                                    LBN |        731        0.57       52.01
                                    LBR |        731        0.57       52.59
                                    LBY |        732        0.57       53.16
                                    LKA |        731        0.57       53.73
                                    LSO |        731        0.57       54.30
                                    LTU |        731        0.57       54.87
                                    LUX |        731        0.57       55.44
                                    LVA |        731        0.57       56.01
                                    MAR |        732        0.57       56.59
                                    MDA |        731        0.57       57.16
                                    MDG |        732        0.57       57.73
                                    MDV |        711        0.56       58.28
                                    MEX |        732        0.57       58.86
                                    MKD |        731        0.57       59.43
                                    MLI |        731        0.57       60.00
                                    MLT |        731        0.57       60.57
                                    MMR |        731        0.57       61.14
                                    MNE |        731        0.57       61.71
                                    MNG |        731        0.57       62.28
                                    MOZ |        732        0.57       62.86
                                    MRT |        731        0.57       63.43
                                    MTQ |        731        0.57       64.00
                                    MUS |        731        0.57       64.57
                                    MWI |        731        0.57       65.14
                                    MYS |        731        0.57       65.71
                                    NAM |        731        0.57       66.28
                                    NER |        731        0.57       66.86
                                    NGA |        731        0.57       67.43
                                    NIC |        731        0.57       68.00
                                    NLD |        732        0.57       68.57
                                    NOR |        732        0.57       69.14
                                    NPL |        731        0.57       69.71
                                    NZL |        732        0.57       70.29
                                    OMN |        731        0.57       70.86
                                    PAK |        731        0.57       71.43
                                    PAN |        731        0.57       72.00
                                    PER |        731        0.57       72.57
                                    PHL |        731        0.57       73.14
                                    PNG |        731        0.57       73.71
                                    POL |        732        0.57       74.28
                                    PRK |        731        0.57       74.86
                                    PRT |        732        0.57       75.43
                                    PRY |        731        0.57       76.00
                                    PSE |        731        0.57       76.57
                                    QAT |        731        0.57       77.14
                                    ROU |        732        0.57       77.71
                                    RUS |        731        0.57       78.29
                                    RWA |        731        0.57       78.86
                                    SAU |        731        0.57       79.43
                                    SDN |        732        0.57       80.00
                                    SEN |        731        0.57       80.57
                                    SGP |        731        0.57       81.14
                                    SLB |        731        0.57       81.71
                                    SLE |        731        0.57       82.29
                                    SLV |        731        0.57       82.86
                                    SOM |        731        0.57       83.43
                                    SRB |        731        0.57       84.00
                                    SUR |        731        0.57       84.57
                                    SVK |        731        0.57       85.14
                                    SVN |        731        0.57       85.71
                                    SWE |        732        0.57       86.28
                                    SWZ |        731        0.57       86.86
                                    SYR |        731        0.57       87.43
                                    TCD |        731        0.57       88.00
                                    TGO |        731        0.57       88.57
                                    THA |        731        0.57       89.14
                                    TJK |        731        0.57       89.71
                                    TKM |        731        0.57       90.28
                                    TLS |        731        0.57       90.85
                                    TTO |        731        0.57       91.43
                                    TUN |        732        0.57       92.00
                                    TUR |        734        0.57       92.57
                                    TWN |        731        0.57       93.14
                                    TZA |        731        0.57       93.71
                                    UGA |        731        0.57       94.29
                                    UKR |        731        0.57       94.86
                                    URY |        731        0.57       95.43
                                    USA |        732        0.57       96.00
                                    UZB |        731        0.57       96.57
                                    VEN |        731        0.57       97.14
                                    VNM |        731        0.57       97.71
                                    YEM |        731        0.57       98.29
                                    ZAF |        732        0.57       98.86
                                    ZMB |        731        0.57       99.43
                                    ZWE |        731        0.57      100.00
----------------------------------------+-----------------------------------
                                  Total |    127,960      100.00

. 
. *region identifiers
. merge m:1 iso3 using "coercive_imbalance_raw/country_codes.dta", keepusing(continent* re
> gion*)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                            66
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                         66  (_merge==2)

    Matched                           127,960  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge!=3
(66 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. drop if iso3=="KOS"
(711 observations deleted)

. 
. 
. 
. //GENERATE WESTERN EUROPE DATA
. local outcomes "mtech mtech_exf mtech_s lngdpc ups naes schooling" 

. preserve

. *balance sample (except that aes data missing for Sweden, Switzerland)
. keep if country=="Belgium" | country=="Switzerland" |country=="Spain" | country=="France
> " | country=="United Kingdom" | country=="Italy" | country=="Portugal" | country=="Swede
> n" 
(121,372 observations deleted)

. replace naes=. if country=="Switzerland" | country=="Sweden"
(444 real changes made, 444 to missing)

. 
. sort iso3 year

. 
. collapse (mean) `outcomes', by(year)

. 
. replace mtech=round(mtech)
(357 real changes made)

. replace mtech_exf=round(mtech_exf)
(197 real changes made)

. replace mtech_s=round(mtech_s)
(333 real changes made)

. 
. sort year

. scalar z=1

. local num=z

. foreach x of varlist `outcomes' {
  2. foreach y of numlist 1400/2010 {
  3. replace `x'=`x'[_n-1] if `x'[_n-1]>`x' & year==`y' & `x'[_n-1]!=.
  4. }
  5. rename `x' value`num'
  6. scalar z=z+1
  7. local num=z
  8. }
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. 
. 
. 
. reshape long value, i(year) j(metric)
(j = 1 2 3 4 5 6 7)
value4:  712 values would be changed; not changed

Data                               Wide   ->   Long
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Number of observations              752   ->   5,264       
Number of variables                   8   ->   3           
j variable (7 values)                     ->   metric
xij variables:
               value1 value2 ... value7   ->   value
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

. rename year year_we

. reshape wide value, i(year) j(metric)
(j = 1 2 3 4 5 6 7)

Data                               Long   ->   Wide
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Number of observations            5,264   ->   752         
Number of variables                   3   ->   8           
j variable (7 values)            metric   ->   (dropped)
xij variables:
                                  value   ->   value1 value2 ... value7
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

. 
. 
. 
. local i=0

. foreach x of local outcomes {
  2. local i=`i'+1
  3. rename *`i' `x'
  4. }

. 
. drop if year_we<1400
(134 observations deleted)

. set obs 651
Number of observations (_N) was 618, now 651.

. replace year_we=year_we[_n-1]+1 if year_we==.
(33 real changes made)

. foreach x of varlist `outcomes' {
  2. replace `x'=`x'[_n-1]+(`x'[_n-1]-`x'[_n-11])/10 if      `x'==.
  3. }
(40 real changes made)
(40 real changes made)
(40 real changes made)
(34 real changes made)
(33 real changes made)
(40 real changes made)
(40 real changes made)

. 
. replace mtech=floor(mtech)
(40 real changes made)

. replace mtech_exf=floor(mtech_exf)
(40 real changes made)

. replace mtech_s=floor(mtech_s)
(0 real changes made)

. 
. 
. *make sure all values are unique (or merge will fail). Duplicates are given negative val
> ues. Most recent year with outcome=X is chosen as year_we for X.
. foreach x of varlist `outcomes' {
  2. replace `x'=`x'[_n-1] if `x'[_n-1]>`x' &  `x'[_n-1]!=.
  3. replace `x'=-_n if `x'[_n+1]==`x'
  4. replace `x'=-_n if `x'==.
  5. }
(0 real changes made)
(617 real changes made)
(0 real changes made)
(0 real changes made)
(626 real changes made)
(0 real changes made)
(0 real changes made)
(641 real changes made)
(0 real changes made)
(1 real change made)
(465 real changes made)
(0 real changes made)
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(0 real changes made)
(246 real changes made)
(0 real changes made)
(0 real changes made)
(469 real changes made)
(1 real change made)

. 
. save "coercive_imbalance_final/temp_we.dta", replace
(file coercive_imbalance_final/temp_we.dta not found)
file coercive_imbalance_final/temp_we.dta saved

. restore

.  
. drop if year<1850
(98,024 observations deleted)

. 
. *nearmerge
. 
. local i=0

. foreach x of varlist `outcomes' {
  2. local i=`i'+1
  3. *for discrete vars
. if `i'<=3 {
  4. merge m:1 `x' using     "coercive_imbalance_final\temp_we.dta", keepusing(year_we)
  5. rename year_we year_we_current
  6. replace `x'=`x'-1
  7. drop _merge
  8. merge m:1 `x' using     "coercive_imbalance_final\temp_we.dta", keepusing(year_we)
  9. rename year_we year_we_previous
 10. gen lagwe_`i'=year-year_we_current if year_we_current<year
 11. replace lagwe_`i'=0 if year_we_current>=year & year_we_previous<=year //set lag to ze
> ro if tech same as WE
 12. replace lagwe_`i'=year-year_we_previous+1 if  year_we_current>year & year_we_previous
> >year //set lag to negative if ahead of WE
 13. drop year_we_current year_we_previous _merge
 14. replace `x'=`x'+1
 15. }
 16. *for continuous vars
. if `i'>3 {
 17. nearmrg using "coercive_imbalance_final\temp_we.dta", nearvar(`x') type(m:1) keepusin
> g(year_we)
 18. replace year_we=. if `x'==.
 19. gen lagwe_`i'=year-year_we
 20. drop _merge year_we
 21. }
 22. }
(variable mtech was int, now double to accommodate using data's values)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                        17,409
        from master                    16,787  (_merge==1)
        from using                        622  (_merge==2)

    Matched                            12,438  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(13,060 real changes made)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                        16,851
        from master                    16,819  (_merge==1)
        from using                         32  (_merge==2)

    Matched                            13,028  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(21,248 missing values generated)
(2,937 real changes made)
(902 real changes made)
(13,092 real changes made)
(variable mtech_exf was int, now double to accommodate using data's values)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                        16,321
        from master                    15,691  (_merge==1)
        from using                        630  (_merge==2)

    Matched                            14,188  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(14,818 real changes made)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                        15,739
        from master                    15,715  (_merge==1)
        from using                         24  (_merge==2)

    Matched                            14,794  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(20,729 missing values generated)
(4,224 real changes made)
(838 real changes made)
(14,842 real changes made)
(variable mtech_s was float, now double to accommodate using data's values)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                        17,332
        from master                    16,690  (_merge==1)
        from using                        642  (_merge==2)

    Matched                            13,843  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(14,485 real changes made)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                        16,710
        from master                    16,700  (_merge==1)
        from using                         10  (_merge==2)

    Matched                            14,475  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(29,475 missing values generated)
(13,172 real changes made)
(279 real changes made)
(14,495 real changes made)
file C:\Users\ngb815\AppData\Local\Temp\ST_476c_000006.tmp saved as .dta format
(31,185 missing values generated)
(31,185 missing values generated)
(31,185 real changes made)
(31,045 real changes made)
0
(651 observations deleted)
file C:\Users\ngb815\AppData\Local\Temp\ST_476c_000006.tmp saved as .dta format

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                             0
    Matched                            31,185  (__000003==3)
    -----------------------------------------

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                           465
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                        465  (_merge==2)

    Matched                            31,185  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(14,848 real changes made, 14,848 to missing)
(14,848 missing values generated)
file C:\Users\ngb815\AppData\Local\Temp\ST_476c_000006.tmp saved as .dta format
(31,650 missing values generated)
(31,650 missing values generated)
(24,419 real changes made)
(31,293 real changes made)
0
(651 observations deleted)
file C:\Users\ngb815\AppData\Local\Temp\ST_476c_000006.tmp saved as .dta format

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                             0
    Matched                            31,650  (__000003==3)
    -----------------------------------------

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                             1
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                          1  (_merge==2)

    Matched                            31,650  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(2,890 real changes made, 2,890 to missing)
(2,890 missing values generated)
file C:\Users\ngb815\AppData\Local\Temp\ST_476c_000006.tmp saved as .dta format
(31,651 missing values generated)
(31,651 missing values generated)
(31,651 real changes made)
(31,628 real changes made)
0
(651 observations deleted)
file C:\Users\ngb815\AppData\Local\Temp\ST_476c_000006.tmp saved as .dta format

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                             0
    Matched                            31,651  (__000003==3)
    -----------------------------------------

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                           289
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                        289  (_merge==2)

    Matched                            31,651  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(15,401 real changes made, 15,401 to missing)
(15,401 missing values generated)
file C:\Users\ngb815\AppData\Local\Temp\ST_476c_000006.tmp saved as .dta format
(31,940 missing values generated)
(31,940 missing values generated)
(31,940 real changes made)
(31,940 real changes made)
0
(651 observations deleted)
file C:\Users\ngb815\AppData\Local\Temp\ST_476c_000006.tmp saved as .dta format

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                             0
    Matched                            31,940  (__000003==3)
    -----------------------------------------

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                           492
        from master                         0  (_merge==1)
        from using                        492  (_merge==2)

    Matched                            31,940  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(17,224 real changes made, 17,224 to missing)
(17,224 missing values generated)

. 
. local i=0

. foreach x of local outcomes {
  2. local i=`i'+1
  3. rename lagwe_`i' lagwe_`x'
  4. }

. 
. *ad hoc adjustment for mtech_s (it reaches maximum in 1958, leading to flawed adoption l
> ags for countries reaching the maximum after that date)
. replace lagwe_mtech_s=0 if year>=1958 & mtech_s==9
(0 real changes made)

. 
. 
. sort iso3 year

. keep iso3 year lagwe* 

. drop if iso3==""
(3,207 observations deleted)

. 
. 
. *merge iv
. merge 1:1 iso year using "coercive_imbalance_final/instruments_jop.dta", keepusing(mtech
> _exf_iv_n2 mtech_exf_iv_n2_500 mtech_exf_iv_n2_750 mtech_exf_iv_n2_1000 mtech_exf_iv_n2_
> pop mtech_exf_iv_n1)
(variable year was float, now double to accommodate using data's values)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                        66,710
        from master                    12,048  (_merge==1)
        from using                     54,662  (_merge==2)

    Matched                            17,177  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge==2
(54,662 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. local lagivs "mtech_exf_iv_n2 mtech_exf_iv_n2_500 mtech_exf_iv_n2_750 mtech_exf_iv_n2_10
> 00 mtech_exf_iv_n2_pop mtech_exf_iv_n1"

. 
. foreach x of local lagivs {
  2. 
. *low
. gen mtech_exf=floor(`x')
  3. merge m:1 mtech_exf using       "coercive_imbalance_final\temp_we.dta", keepusing(yea
> r_we)
  4. rename year_we year_we_current
  5. replace mtech_exf=mtech_exf-1
  6. drop _merge
  7. merge m:1 mtech_exf using       "coercive_imbalance_final\temp_we.dta", keepusing(yea
> r_we)
  8. rename year_we year_we_previous
  9. gen lagwe_low=year-year_we_current if year_we_current<year
 10. replace lagwe_low=0 if year_we_current>=year & year_we_previous<=year //set lag to ze
> ro if tech same as WE
 11. replace lagwe_low=year-year_we_previous+1 if  year_we_current>year & year_we_previous
> >year //set lag to negative if ahead of WE
 12. drop mtech_exf _merge year_we_previous year_we_current
 13. 
. *high
. gen mtech_exf=ceil(`x')
 14. merge m:1 mtech_exf using       "coercive_imbalance_final\temp_we.dta", keepusing(yea
> r_we)
 15. rename year_we year_we_current
 16. replace mtech_exf=mtech_exf-1
 17. drop _merge
 18. merge m:1 mtech_exf using       "coercive_imbalance_final\temp_we.dta", keepusing(yea
> r_we)
 19. rename year_we year_we_previous
 20. gen lagwe_high=year-year_we_current if year_we_current<year
 21. replace lagwe_high=0 if year_we_current>=year & year_we_previous<=year //set lag to z
> ero if tech same as WE
 22. replace lagwe_high=year-year_we_previous+1 if  year_we_current>year & year_we_previou
> s>year //set lag to negative if ahead of WE
 23. drop mtech_exf _merge year_we_previous year_we_current
 24. 
. *weighted average of low and high
. gen lagwe_`x'=lagwe_high if floor(`x')==ceil(`x')
 25. replace lagwe_`x'=(`x'-floor(`x'))*lagwe_high+(ceil(`x')-`x')*lagwe_low if lagwe_`x'=
> =.
 26. drop `x' lagwe_low lagwe_high
 27. 
. 
. 
. }
(15,184 missing values generated)
(variable mtech_exf was float, now double to accommodate using data's values)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                        15,817
        from master                    15,184  (_merge==1)
        from using                        633  (_merge==2)

    Matched                            14,041  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(14,674 real changes made)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                        15,232
        from master                    15,208  (_merge==1)
        from using                         24  (_merge==2)

    Matched                            14,650  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(16,195 missing values generated)
(378 real changes made)
(0 real changes made)
(15,841 missing values generated)
(variable mtech_exf was float, now double to accommodate using data's values)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                        16,474
        from master                    15,841  (_merge==1)
        from using                        633  (_merge==2)

    Matched                            14,041  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(14,674 real changes made)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                        15,889
        from master                    15,865  (_merge==1)
        from using                         24  (_merge==2)

    Matched                            14,650  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(19,479 missing values generated)
(3,613 real changes made)
(49 real changes made)
(29,604 missing values generated)
(13,787 real changes made)
(16,498 missing values generated)
(variable mtech_exf was float, now double to accommodate using data's values)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                        17,132
        from master                    16,498  (_merge==1)
        from using                        634  (_merge==2)

    Matched                            14,041  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(14,675 real changes made)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                        16,546
        from master                    16,522  (_merge==1)
        from using                         24  (_merge==2)

    Matched                            14,651  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(17,504 missing values generated)
(1,686 real changes made)
(0 real changes made)
(17,156 missing values generated)
(variable mtech_exf was float, now double to accommodate using data's values)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                        17,790
        from master                    17,156  (_merge==1)
        from using                        634  (_merge==2)

    Matched                            14,041  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(14,675 real changes made)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                        17,204
        from master                    17,180  (_merge==1)
        from using                         24  (_merge==2)

    Matched                            14,651  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(20,784 missing values generated)
(4,922 real changes made)
(44 real changes made)
(29,603 missing values generated)
(13,785 real changes made)
(17,814 missing values generated)
(variable mtech_exf was float, now double to accommodate using data's values)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                        18,448
        from master                    17,814  (_merge==1)
        from using                        634  (_merge==2)

    Matched                            14,041  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(14,675 real changes made)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                        17,862
        from master                    17,838  (_merge==1)
        from using                         24  (_merge==2)

    Matched                            14,651  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(18,818 missing values generated)
(3,000 real changes made)
(0 real changes made)
(18,472 missing values generated)
(variable mtech_exf was float, now double to accommodate using data's values)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                        19,106
        from master                    18,472  (_merge==1)
        from using                        634  (_merge==2)

    Matched                            14,041  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(14,675 real changes made)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                        18,520
        from master                    18,496  (_merge==1)
        from using                         24  (_merge==2)

    Matched                            14,651  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(22,039 missing values generated)
(6,187 real changes made)
(34 real changes made)
(29,589 missing values generated)
(13,771 real changes made)
(19,130 missing values generated)
(variable mtech_exf was float, now double to accommodate using data's values)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                        19,764
        from master                    19,130  (_merge==1)
        from using                        634  (_merge==2)

    Matched                            14,041  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(14,675 real changes made)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                        19,178
        from master                    19,154  (_merge==1)
        from using                         24  (_merge==2)

    Matched                            14,651  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(20,119 missing values generated)
(4,301 real changes made)
(0 real changes made)
(19,788 missing values generated)
(variable mtech_exf was float, now double to accommodate using data's values)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                        20,422
        from master                    19,788  (_merge==1)
        from using                        634  (_merge==2)

    Matched                            14,041  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(14,675 real changes made)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                        19,836
        from master                    19,812  (_merge==1)
        from using                         24  (_merge==2)

    Matched                            14,651  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(23,273 missing values generated)
(7,429 real changes made)
(26 real changes made)
(29,587 missing values generated)
(13,769 real changes made)
(20,446 missing values generated)
(variable mtech_exf was float, now double to accommodate using data's values)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                        21,079
        from master                    20,446  (_merge==1)
        from using                        633  (_merge==2)

    Matched                            14,041  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(14,674 real changes made)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                        20,494
        from master                    20,470  (_merge==1)
        from using                         24  (_merge==2)

    Matched                            14,650  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(21,462 missing values generated)
(5,645 real changes made)
(0 real changes made)
(21,103 missing values generated)
(variable mtech_exf was float, now double to accommodate using data's values)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                        21,736
        from master                    21,103  (_merge==1)
        from using                        633  (_merge==2)

    Matched                            14,041  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(14,674 real changes made)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                        21,151
        from master                    21,127  (_merge==1)
        from using                         24  (_merge==2)

    Matched                            14,650  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(25,006 missing values generated)
(9,139 real changes made)
(50 real changes made)
(29,604 missing values generated)
(13,787 real changes made)
(21,760 missing values generated)
(variable mtech_exf was float, now double to accommodate using data's values)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                        22,393
        from master                    21,760  (_merge==1)
        from using                        633  (_merge==2)

    Matched                            14,041  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(14,674 real changes made)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                        21,808
        from master                    21,784  (_merge==1)
        from using                         24  (_merge==2)

    Matched                            14,650  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(22,805 missing values generated)
(6,988 real changes made)
(0 real changes made)
(22,417 missing values generated)
(variable mtech_exf was float, now double to accommodate using data's values)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                        23,050
        from master                    22,417  (_merge==1)
        from using                        633  (_merge==2)

    Matched                            14,041  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(14,674 real changes made)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                        22,465
        from master                    22,441  (_merge==1)
        from using                         24  (_merge==2)

    Matched                            14,650  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------
(26,341 missing values generated)
(10,455 real changes made)
(69 real changes made)
(29,608 missing values generated)
(13,791 real changes made)

. 
. drop if iso3==""
(7,890 observations deleted)

. keep  iso3 year lagwe_mtech lagwe_mtech_exf_iv_n2 lagwe_mtech_exf_iv_n1 lagwe_mtech_exf_
> iv_n2_500 lagwe_mtech_exf_iv_n2_750 lagwe_mtech_exf_iv_n2_1000 lagwe_mtech_exf_iv_n2_pop
>    lagwe_mtech_s   lagwe_mtech_exf lagwe_mtech_s lagwe_lngdpc lagwe_mtech_s   lagwe_naes
>  lagwe_ups lagwe_schooling

. 
. sort iso year

. save "coercive_imbalance_final\temp_lags.dta", replace
(file coercive_imbalance_final\temp_lags.dta not found)
file coercive_imbalance_final\temp_lags.dta saved

.  
. 
. 
. 
. *###############################################################################
. *       6 CREATE FINAL DATA SET FOR ANALYSIS
. *###############################################################################
. 
. *This bit of code merges the intermediate data sets constructed above, generates
. *a few addional variables, deletes unneccessary ones, and renames the remaining. 
. *The final data set is saved in the folder data.
. 
. clear

. use "coercive_imbalance_final/ci_main_jop.dta"

. 
. merge 1:1 iso3 year using "coercive_imbalance_final/instruments_jop.dta"
(variable country was str42, now str132 to accommodate using data's values)

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                        35,608
        from master                    35,608  (_merge==1)
        from using                          0  (_merge==2)

    Matched                            71,839  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge==2
(0 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. merge 1:1 iso3 year using "coercive_imbalance_final/diffusioncontrols_jop.dta"

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                        92,309
        from master                    92,309  (_merge==1)
        from using                          0  (_merge==2)

    Matched                            15,138  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge==2
(0 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. merge 1:1 iso3 year using "coercive_imbalance_final/temp_lags.dta"

    Result                      Number of obs
    -----------------------------------------
    Not matched                        78,558
        from master                    78,390  (_merge==1)
        from using                        168  (_merge==2)

    Matched                            29,057  (_merge==3)
    -----------------------------------------

. drop if _merge==2
(168 observations deleted)

. drop _merge

. 
. 
. egen countryno=group(iso3)

. 
. xtset countryno year

Panel variable: countryno (unbalanced)
 Time variable: year, 1400 to 2021, but with gaps
         Delta: 1 unit

. sort countryno year

. 
. local lagvars "interstatewar civilwar " 

. foreach x of local lagvars {
  2. gen n1_`x'_3y=max(n1_`x', L.n1_`x', L2.n1_`x')
  3. gen n2_`x'_3y=max(n2_`x', L.n2_`x', L2.n2_`x')
  4. }
(91,955 missing values generated)
(91,955 missing values generated)
(91,955 missing values generated)
(91,955 missing values generated)

. 
. drop if year<1820
(72,504 observations deleted)

. 
. *Drop unnecessary variables (e.g., GDP in levels). Some of these variables are auxillary
>  variables used to create final variables,
. *others are redundant because they are so closely related to variables we already contro
> l for
. drop region region3 continent country_text_id

. drop countrycode series imports exports trade aid gdp *_trade *_aid *_gdp pop_hyde upop_
> hyde   n1_lngdp n2_lngdp mtech_iv_* 

. drop distw1_ally_USA distw1_ally_Russia  distw1_mtech 

. drop distw2_ally_USA distw2_ally_Russia  distw2_mtech 

. drop n2_ally_USA n2_ally_Russia  n2_mtech   n1_mtech n1_lntrade n2_lntrade n1_lnaid  n2_
> lnaid

. drop  n1_civilwar_3y  n2_civilwar_3y n1_interstatewar_3y n2_interstatewar_3y lnmilex_pop
>  milper_pop civilwar_central_3y 

. drop n1_lnindex_irt_exsa n2_lnindex_irt_exsa  distw1_lnindex_irt_exsa distw2_lnindex_irt
> _exsa distw1_lntrade  distw2_lntrade distw1_lnaid distw2_lnaid distw2_lngdp  mtech_exf_i
> v_n1_pop mtech_exf_iv_n2_500 mtech_exf_iv_n2_750 mtech_exf_iv_n2_1000 mtech_exf_iv_n2_po
> p mtech_exf_iv_n1 

. drop if year>2012 
(1,554 observations deleted)

. 
. *generate a few additional variables
. gen weu=0 

. replace weu=1 if region=="Western Europe and off-shoots" 
(4,393 real changes made)

. gen lagwe_mtech_exf_weu=lagwe_mtech_exf*weu
(19,201 missing values generated)

. egen lagwe_mtech_av=mean(lagwe_mtech) if year>1959 & year<2011, by(country)
(24,566 missing values generated)

. egen lagwe_lngdpc_av=mean(lagwe_lngdpc) if year>1959 & year<2011, by(country)
(25,229 missing values generated)

. gen mtech_sa=mtech-mtech_exf
(19,336 missing values generated)

. gen mtech_exf_weu=mtech_exf*weu
(16,701 missing values generated)

. gen index_irt_exsa_weu=index_irt_exsa*weu
(4,704 missing values generated)

. 
. rename region2 region

. rename continent2 continent

. 
. // Add labels
. label variable country "Country name"

. label variable iso3 "ISO3 country code"

. label variable countryno "Numerical country identifier based on ISO3"

. label variable ccode "Countries"

. label variable year "Year"

. label variable mtech "Military technology index (formative)"

. label variable mtech_exf "Military tech. index ex. small arms (formative)"

. label variable continent "Continent"

. label variable region "Region"

. label variable lngdpc "Log GDP per capita (Maddison)"

. label variable democracy "Democracy dummy (Boix et al)"

. label variable tpop "Total Population (CoW)"

. label variable interstatewar "Interstate war, dummy(CoW)"

. label variable civilwar "Civil war, dummy (CoW)"

. label variable mtech_exf_iv_n2 "IV for mtech ex. small arms (baseline)"

. label variable lagwe_mtech_exf_iv_n2_500 "IV ex. countries within 500km"

. label variable lagwe_mtech_exf_iv_n2_750 "IV ex. countries within 750km"

. label variable lagwe_mtech_exf_iv_n2_1000 "IV ex. countries within 1000km"

. label variable lagwe_mtech_exf_iv_n2_pop "IV with population weights"

. label variable lagwe_mtech_exf_iv_n1 "IV including neighbors"

. label variable mtech_exf_iv_n2 "IV all"

. label variable colony "Former colony dummy"

. label variable colony_we "Former Western European colony dummy"

. label variable colony_ussr "Former USSR state"

. label variable colony_rest "Other colony (non WEU or USSR)"

. label variable milex "Military expenditure (CoW)"

. label variable lnmilex "Log military expenditure (CoW)"

. label variable lnmilper "Log military personnel (CoW)"

. label variable lagwe_mtech_exf "Arms technology lag"

. label variable lagwe_mtech_s "Small arms lag"

. label variable lagwe_lngdpc "Lag GDP per capita (log)"

. label variable lagwe_mtech_exf_weu "Arms technology lag to Western Europe"

. label variable lagwe_mtech "Arms technology lag to WEU (not exc small arms) (in years)"

. label variable lagwe_ups "Lag to Western Europe in urban pop share (measured in years)"

. label variable lagwe_naes "Lag to Western Europe in non-agricultural employment share"

. label variable lagwe_schooling "Lag to Western Europe in educational attainment"

. label variable census "First modern census"

. label variable yearbook_published "First statistical yearbook published"

. label variable ccode "Countries"

. label variable lagwe_mtech_exf_iv_n2 "Distance weighted arms technology adoption (instru
> ment)"

. label variable m2_iv_n2 "Distance weighted adoption of automatic machine gun"

. label variable r3_iv_n2 "Distance weighted adoption of 1st gen jets"

. label variable distw2_index_irt_exsa "Distance-weighted IRT arms technology adoption (in
> strument)"

. label variable mtech_exf "Arms Technology Index (formative)"

. label variable mtech_sa "Small arms"

. label variable mtech_exf_weu "Arms Technology Index x Western Europe"

. label variable lngdp "GDP per capita (log)"

. label variable index_irt_exsa "Arms Technology Index (IRT)"

. label variable index_irt_exsa_weu "Arms Technology Index x Western Europe (IRT)"

. label variable index_irt_sa "Small arms (IRT)"

. label variable n1_democracy_avg "Share democracy in neighbor countries" 

. label variable n2_democracy_avg "Share democracy in neighbors' neighbors"

. label variable n1_interstatewar "War in neighboring countries" 

. label variable n2_interstatewar "War in neighbors' neighbors"

. label variable n1_civilwar "Civil war in neighboring countries" 

. label variable n2_civilwar "Civil war in neighbors' neighbors"

. label variable distw1_democracy "Distance-weighted polyarchy"

. label variable distw1_interstatewar "Distance-weighted war"

. label variable distw1_civilwar "Distance-weighted civil war"

. label variable distw1_lngdp "Distance-weighted GDP pc (log)"

. label variable interstatewar_3y "War in last three years"

. label variable civilwar_3y "Civil war in last three years"

. label variable ally_USA "US ally"

. label variable ally_Russia "USSR ally"

. label variable lntrade "Trade (log)"

. label variable lnaid "Foreign aid (log)"

. label variable le_total_oil_income_pc "Total oil income per capita (log)"

. label variable le_total_resources_income_pc "Total natural resource p.c. (log)"

. label variable independent "String specifies if country in year is independent" 

. label variable weu "Western Europe and offshoots"

. label variable coldwar "Dummy for cold war years (1947-1991)"

. label variable lagwe_mtech_av "Arms technology lag to Western Europe (av. 1960-2010)"

. label variable lagwe_lngdpc_av "Log GDP per capita lag to Western Europe (av. 1960-2010)
> "

. label variable University "Year first university established in country"

. label variable Diplomacy "Year country reaches diplomatic relations across four continen
> ts"

. label variable aes "Agricultural employment share"

. label variable naes "Nonagricultural employment share"

. label variable schooling "Total yrs schooling, population 15-64"

. label variable ups "Urban population share"

. 
. label variable adoptionyears1 "Adoption year matchlock musket"

. label variable adoptionyears2 "Adoption year snaphaunce"

. label variable adoptionyears3 "Adoption year flintlock musket"

. label variable adoptionyears4 "Adoption year percussion luck musket"

. label variable adoptionyears5 "Adoption year minié bullet rifle"

. label variable adoptionyears6 "Adoption year breech-loading rifle"

. label variable adoptionyears7 "Adoption year tubular magazine"

. label variable adoptionyears8 "Adoption year box magazine"

. label variable adoptionyears9 "Adoption year  assault rifle"

. label variable adoptionyearm1 "Adoption year hand-cranked machine gun"

. label variable adoptionyearm2 "Adoption year automatic machine gun"

. label variable adoptionyeara1 "Adoption year field gun"

. label variable adoptionyeara2 "Adoption year rifled artillery"

. label variable adoptionyeara3 "Adoption year steel tube cannon"

. label variable adoptionyeara4 "Adoption year breech-loading cannon"

. label variable adoptionyeara5 "Adoption year recoil mechanism"

. label variable adoptionyeart1 "Adoption year early tanks"

. label variable adoptionyeart2 "Adoption year WWII tank"

. label variable adoptionyeart3 "Adoption year 1st gen main battle tank"

. label variable adoptionyeart4 "Adoption year 2nd gen main battle tank"

. label variable adoptionyeart5 "Adoption year 3rd gen main battle tank"

. label variable adoptionyearr1 "Adoption year early attack aircraft"

. label variable adoptionyearr2 "Adoption year WWII attack aircraft"

. label variable adoptionyearr3 "Adoption year 1st gen jet fighter"

. label variable adoptionyearr4 "Adoption year 2nd gen jet fighter"

. label variable adoptionyearr5 "Adoption year 3rd gen jet fighter"

. label variable adoptionyearr6 "Adoption year 4th gen jet fighter"

. label variable adoptionyearh1 "Adoption year 1st gen helicopter"

. label variable adoptionyearh2 "Adoption year 2nd gen helicopter"

. label variable adoptionyears1 "Year of first use matchlock musket"

. label variable adoptionyears2 "Year of first use snaphaunce"

. label variable adoptionyears3 "Year of first use flintlock musket"

. label variable adoptionyears4 "Year of first use percussion luck musket"

. label variable adoptionyears5 "Year of first use minié bullet rifle"

. label variable adoptionyears6 "Year of first use breech-loading rifle"

. label variable adoptionyears7 "Year of first use tubular magazine"

. label variable adoptionyears8 "Year of first use box magazine"

. label variable adoptionyears9 "Year of first use  assault rifle"

. label variable adoptionyearm1 "Year of first use hand-cranked machine gun"

. label variable adoptionyearm2 "Year of first use automatic machine gun"

. label variable adoptionyeara1 "Year of first use field gun"

. label variable adoptionyeara2 "Year of first use rifled artillery"

. label variable adoptionyeara3 "Year of first use steel tube cannon"

. label variable adoptionyeara4 "Year of first use breech-loading cannon"

. label variable adoptionyeara5 "Year of first use recoil mechanism"

. label variable adoptionyeart1 "Year of first use early tanks"

. label variable adoptionyeart2 "Year of first use WWII tank"

. label variable adoptionyeart3 "Year of first use 1st gen main battle tank"

. label variable adoptionyeart4 "Year of first use 2nd gen main battle tank"

. label variable adoptionyeart5 "Year of first use 3rd gen main battle tank"

. label variable adoptionyearr1 "Year of first use early attack aircraft"

. label variable adoptionyearr2 "Year of first use WWII attack aircraft"

. label variable adoptionyearr3 "Year of first use 1st gen jet fighter"

. label variable adoptionyearr4 "Year of first use 2nd gen jet fighter"

. label variable adoptionyearr5 "Year of first use 3rd gen jet fighter"

. label variable adoptionyearr6 "Year of first use 4th gen jet fighter"

. label variable adoptionyearh1 "Year of first use 1st gen helicopter"

. label variable adoptionyearh2 "Year of first use 2nd gen helicopter"

. label variable firstuses1 "Year of first use matchlock musket"

. label variable firstuses2 "Year of first use snaphaunce"

. label variable firstuses3 "Year of first use flintlock musket"

. label variable firstuses4 "Year of first use percussion luck musket"

. label variable firstuses5 "Year of first use minié bullet rifle"

. label variable firstuses6 "Year of first use breech-loading rifle"

. label variable firstuses7 "Year of first use tubular magazine"

. label variable firstuses8 "Year of first use box magazine"

. label variable firstuses9 "Year of first use  assault rifle"

. label variable firstusem1 "Year of first use hand-cranked machine gun"

. label variable firstusem2 "Year of first use automatic machine gun"

. label variable firstusea1 "Year of first use field gun"

. label variable firstusea2 "Year of first use rifled artillery"

. label variable firstusea3 "Year of first use steel tube cannon"

. label variable firstusea4 "Year of first use breech-loading cannon"

. label variable firstusea5 "Year of first use recoil mechanism"

. label variable firstuset1 "Year of first use early tanks"

. label variable firstuset2 "Year of first use WWII tank"

. label variable firstuset3 "Year of first use 1st gen main battle tank"

. label variable firstuset4 "Year of first use 2nd gen main battle tank"

. label variable firstuset5 "Year of first use 3rd gen main battle tank"

. label variable firstuser1 "Year of first use early attack aircraft"

. label variable firstuser2 "Year of first use WWII attack aircraft"

. label variable firstuser3 "Year of first use 1st gen jet fighter"

. label variable firstuser4 "Year of first use 2nd gen jet fighter"

. label variable firstuser5 "Year of first use 3rd gen jet fighter"

. label variable firstuser6 "Year of first use 4th gen jet fighter"

. label variable firstuseh1 "Year of first use 1st gen helicopter"

. label variable firstuseh2 "Year of first use 2nd gen helicopter"

. label variable s1_use "Matchlock in use"

. label variable s2_use "Snaphaunce in use"

. label variable s3_use "Flintlock in use"

. label variable s4_use "Percussion lock in use"

. label variable s5_use "Minié bullet rifle in use"

. label variable s6_use "Breech-loading rifle in use"

. label variable s7_use "Tubular magazine in use"

. label variable s8_use "Box magazine in use"

. label variable s9_use "Assault rifle in use"

. label variable m1_use "Hand-cranked machine gun in use"

. label variable m2_use "Automatic machine gun in use"

. label variable a1_use "Field gun in use"

. label variable a2_use "Rifled artillery in use"

. label variable a3_use "Steel tubes in use"

. label variable a4_use "Breech-loading cannon in use"

. label variable a5_use "Recoil mechanism in use"

. label variable t1_use "Early tank in use"

. label variable t2_use "WWII tank in use"

. label variable t3_use "1st gen main battle tank in use"

. label variable t4_use "2nd gen main battle tank in use"

. label variable t5_use "3rd gen main battle tank in use"

. label variable r1_use "Early attack aircraft in use"

. label variable r2_use "WWII attack aircraft in use"

. label variable r3_use "1st gen jet fighter in use"

. label variable r4_use "2nd gen jet fighter in use"

. label variable r5_use "3rd gen jet fighter in use"

. label variable r6_use "4th gen jet fighter in use"

. label variable h1_use "1st gen helicopter in use"

. label variable h2_use "2nd gen helicopter in use"

. 
. *rescaling
. replace v2csreprss=v2csreprss*100
(21,366 real changes made)

. replace v2clkill=v2clkill*100 
(21,667 real changes made)

. replace v2x_pubcorr=v2x_pubcorr*100
(21,247 real changes made)

. replace v2x_corr=v2x_corr*100
(20,953 real changes made)

. replace v2x_execorr=v2x_execorr*100
(21,208 real changes made)

. replace v2clrspct=v2clrspct*100
(21,462 real changes made)

. replace v2x_polyarchy=v2x_polyarchy*100
(20,924 real changes made)

. 
. *Order variables
. order iso3 year ccode country* region continent* region weu mtech mtech_exf mtech_sa mte
> ch_exf_weu lagwe_mtech lagwe_mtech_exf lagwe_mtech_s lagwe_mtech_exf_weu index_irt_exsa 
> index_irt_sa index_irt_exsa_weu  mtech_exf_iv_n2 lagwe_mtech_exf_iv_n2_500 lagwe_mtech_e
> xf_iv_n2_750 lagwe_mtech_exf_iv_n2_1000 lagwe_mtech_exf_iv_n2_pop lagwe_mtech_exf_iv_n1 
> mtech_exf_iv_n2 lngdp lagwe_lngdpc lagwe_naes lagwe_schooling lagwe_ups v2x_polyarchy v2
> x_pubcorr v2x_corr v2x_execorr v2* democracy

. order n1_* n2_* distw1_* adoptionyear* firstuse* *_use, last

. 
. 
. *save final data set and erase intermediate data sets generated by this do-file
. save "coercive_imbalance_final/ci_main_jop.dta", replace
file coercive_imbalance_final/ci_main_jop.dta saved

. 
. 
. erase "coercive_imbalance_final/instruments_jop.dta"

. erase "coercive_imbalance_final/diffusioncontrols_jop.dta"

. erase "coercive_imbalance_final/neighbours_jop.dta"

. erase "coercive_imbalance_final/temp_lags.dta"

. erase "coercive_imbalance_final/temp_we.dta"

. 
. log close
      name:  <unnamed>
       log:  C:\Users\ngb815\Dropbox\Coercive_tech\stata\coercive_imbalance\Replication\pr
> epare_data.log
  log type:  text
 closed on:  16 Aug 2023, 16:18:28
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
